打孔灌沙促进漫灌下盐碱土水分下渗提高脱盐效果

发布时间：2019-03-20 19:07

【摘要】：针对现有盐碱土改良措施工程量大,农业生产成本高等问题,提出打孔灌沙的盐碱土防治措施。该文以天津滨海盐碱土为研究对象,通过野外小区灌溉试验,研究在灌溉条件下打孔灌沙对盐碱土水盐运移规律的影响,旨在探索打孔灌沙减少盐碱地表层积盐的可行性。试验设计3种灌溉量(600、900和1 200 m~3/hm~2),3种打孔深度(5、10和15 cm)和3种打孔密度(30、60和90孔/m2),并以无打孔灌沙处理为对照组(CK)。结果表明:灌溉量影响盐碱土洗盐效果,在600~1 200 m~3/hm~2灌溉量处理下,灌溉量越大,表层土壤脱盐效果越好。同时,打孔灌沙能够促进水分下渗,提高脱盐效果,在1 200 m~3/hm~2灌溉量下,灌后25 d,打孔深度≥10 cm时较CK降低表层0~30 cm土壤水分8.7%~16.1%,提高脱盐总量50.7%~98.8%。打孔密度增加能够促进脱盐效果,但随打孔深度而不同。打孔深度≤10 cm时,30和60孔/m~2打孔密度处理间脱盐总量差异不显著(P0.05)。打孔深度为15 cm时,60和90孔/m~2打孔密度处理间脱盐总量差异不显著(P0.05)。考虑到过深的打孔深度处理会降低打孔灌沙效率、提高配套打孔灌沙机具的研发难度,结合试验区农艺规范,推荐10 cm打孔深度、30孔/m~2打孔密度作为合适的打孔灌沙处理方案,该研究可为滨海区盐碱土的开发利用提供新的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems such as large amount of engineering and high cost of agricultural production, the control measures of saline-alkali soil for drilling and filling sand are put forward in this paper. This paper takes Tianjin coastal saline-alkali soil as the research object, and studies the influence of hole irrigation sand on the water-salt transport rule of saline-alkali soil under irrigation condition through the field irrigation experiment, in order to explore the feasibility of reducing salt accumulation in the surface layer of saline-alkali land by drilling and filling sand. Three irrigation amounts (600900 and 1,200 m~3/hm~2), three drilling depths (5, 10 and 15 cm) and three drilling densities (30, 60 and 90 holes / m2) were designed. The control group, (CK)., was treated with non-perforated sand. The results showed that the amount of irrigation affected the effect of salt washing in saline-alkali soil. The higher the irrigation amount was, the better the desalination effect of topsoil was when the irrigation amount was 600 ~ 1 200 m~3/hm~2. At the same time, drilling and sand irrigation could promote water infiltration and improve desalination effect. Under 1 200 m~3/hm~2 irrigation amount and 25 days after irrigation, the soil moisture decreased 8.7% and 16.1% when the drilling depth was more than 10 cm than that of CK at 0 / 30 cm, and the soil water content decreased by 8.7% and 16.1% respectively at 1 200 CK irrigation volume, 25 days after irrigation. The total amount of desalination was increased by 50.7% and 98.8% respectively. The increase of drilling density can promote the desalination effect, but it varies with the drilling depth. When the drilling depth was less than 10 cm, there was no significant difference in total desalination between 30 and 60 holes / m 路m ~ (2) hole density treatment (P0.05). When the drilling depth was 15 cm, there was no significant difference in total desalination between 60 and 90 holes / m 路m ~ 2 hole density treatment (P0.05). Considering that too deep drilling depth treatment will reduce the efficiency of drilling and sand filling, and improve the difficulty of research and development of supporting punching and sand filling machines, combined with the agronomic specifications of the experimental area, 10 cm drilling depth is recommended, The drilling density of 30 holes / m 路m ~ (2) is a suitable treatment scheme for drilling and sand filling. This study can provide a new idea and method for the development and utilization of saline-alkali soil in coastal area.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学工学院;
【基金】：教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT13039) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503136)
【分类号】：S156.4

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