棉花秸秆还田对土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响

发布时间：2019-04-04 18:00

【摘要】：为研究棉花秸秆还田对土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响,于山东农业大学棉花科研基地德州市抬头寺经济开发区试验田进行试验,设棉花秸秆还田与未还田2个处理,研究连续4年棉花秸秆还田对0~60 cm土层土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响。结果表明:棉花秸秆还田能够显著增加0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm土层周年土壤微生物平均总数量,分别比未还田增加了19.87%,20.07%,56.15%;其中周年土壤细菌和真菌平均数量分别比未还田增加了20.91%、26.38%(0~20),20.59%、31.18%(20~40)和56.85%、32.30%(40~60),均达显著差异水平;周年土壤放线菌平均数量分别比未还田增加了4.29%,11.62%,54.00%,其中在20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层提高效果显著。棉花秸秆还田有利于提高土壤脲酶活性,0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm土层土壤脲酶活性分别比未还田提高4.27%,13.43%和24.03%,其中对20~40 cm全部取样时期(9月除外)和除7月外40~60 cm土层其他取样时期的提高效果达显著差异水平;秸秆还田使土壤蔗糖酶活性在0~20 cm全部取样时期,除5月外20~40 cm土层其他取样时期,除8月外40~60 cm土层其他取样时期均得到了显著提高,分别比未还田提高了27.08%,46.96%,57.59%;除7,8月外,0~20 cm土层其他取样时期土壤过氧化氢酶活性在棉花秸秆还田条件下得到了显著提高,比未还田提高了8.73%,但除5,6月20~40 cm土层外,秸秆还田对20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层土壤过氧化氢酶活性的提高效果未达显著差异水平。以上结果说明持续棉花秸秆还田有利于保持和改善土壤的生物学特性。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of cotton straw returning to field on soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity, the experiment was carried out in Dezhou City Qintousi Economic Development Zone, the cotton research base of Shandong Agricultural University, and two treatments of returning cotton straw to the field and not returning to the field were set up. The effect of cotton straw returning to soil on soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity in 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer was studied for 4 years. The results showed that cotton straw return could significantly increase the annual average total number of soil microorganisms in 0 ~ 20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm soil layer, which increased 19.87%, 20.07% and 56.15% respectively compared with that of non-returning soil. The average number of soil bacteria and fungi increased by 20.91%, 26.38% (0 / 20), 20.59%, 31.18% (20 / 40) and 56.85% and 32.30% (40 / 60) respectively. The average number of actinomycetes in soil increased by 4.29%, 11.62% and 54.00%, respectively, compared with that of non-returning soil. The results showed that the average number of actinomycetes increased significantly in 20 ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm soil layers. The soil urease activity in 0 ~ 20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm soil layer was 4.27%, 13.43% and 24.03% higher than that in non-returning soil, respectively, and the soil urease activity was increased by 4.27%, 13.43% and 24.03%, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences in the total sampling period (except September) and the sampling period of 40 cm / 60 cm soil layer (except for July) in 20 ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm soil layer except for July. The soil sucrase activity was increased by 27.08% in all sampling periods of 0 ~ 20 cm, in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer except May and in 40 ~ 60 cm soil layer except August, respectively, with straw returning to the field at the whole sampling period of 0 ~ 20 cm, with the exception of May and August, the soil sucrase activity was increased by 27.08% as compared with that of non-returning soil. 46.96%, 57.59%; Except for July and August, the catalase activity of soil in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer during other sampling period was significantly increased under the condition of cotton straw returning, which was 8.73% higher than that of the non-returning soil layer, but except in the soil layer of 20 ~ 40 cm in 5, 6 and 6 months, the soil catalase activity was increased by 8.73%. The effect of straw return on soil catalase activity in 20 ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm soil layers was not significantly different from that in 20 ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm soil layers. The above results indicate that continuous cotton straw returning to the field is beneficial to maintain and improve the biological characteristics of the soil.
【作者单位】：山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室;烟台市农业技术推广中心;平顶山市种子管理站;
【基金】：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B06) 国家自然科学基金(31601253) 山东省现代农业产业技术体系(棉花)建设专项资金(SDAIT-03) 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CQ20) 山东省农业良种工程课题(2013LZ;2014LZ) 山东农业大学盐碱地改良利用项目(2014)
【分类号】：S154;S141.4

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