优化施肥对设施蔬菜地土壤线虫群落的影响

发布时间：2019-04-04 20:52

【摘要】：高强度利用下设施蔬菜地的施肥过量问题导致了土壤质量的严重退化,合理施肥是维持蔬菜地生产力和可持续发展的重要措施.本研究比较了常规施肥和优化施肥两种施肥方式下连续种植番茄和辣椒后土壤理化性质、线虫群落及蔬菜产量的差异.结果表明:优化施肥处理土壤p H显著高于常规施肥处理,且番茄和辣椒产量分别提高了9.0%和6.9%.与常规施肥相比,优化施肥提高了土壤线虫数量和食细菌线虫的相对多度,但降低了食真菌线虫和植食性线虫的相对多度.两季蔬菜种植过程中,不同施肥处理土壤寄生线虫成熟指数、多样性指数和丰富度指数无显著差异.优化施肥土壤线虫通路比值(0.67~0.84)显著高于常规施肥(0.39~0.64),前者土壤食物网的分解途径以细菌为主,而后者则为真菌控制.综合土壤理化性质、线虫数量和群落及蔬菜产量指标,优化施肥措施能够在促进蔬菜生长的同时,显著改善土壤生态环境.
[Abstract]:The excessive fertilization of protected vegetable fields under high intensity utilization led to serious degradation of soil quality. Rational fertilization is an important measure to maintain the productivity and sustainable development of vegetable fields. The differences of soil physical and chemical properties, nematode community and vegetable yield after continuous planting of tomato and pepper under conventional fertilization and optimized fertilization were compared in this study. The results showed that the soil pH of the optimized fertilization treatment was significantly higher than that of the conventional fertilization treatment, and the yield of tomato and pepper increased by 9.0% and 6.9%, respectively. Compared with conventional fertilization, optimized fertilization increased the number of soil nematodes and the relative abundance of bacterial nematodes, but decreased the relative abundance of fungal nematodes and phytophagous nematodes. There was no significant difference in the maturity index, diversity index and richness index of parasitic nematodes between different fertilization treatments during the two seasons of vegetable planting. The ratio of nematode pathway (0.67 ~ 0.84) to soil nematode pathway (0.67 ~ 0.84) was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization (0.39 ~ 0.64). The decomposition pathway of soil food web in the former was dominated by bacteria, while the latter was controlled by fungi. Combining soil physical and chemical properties, nematode number, community and vegetable yield index, optimizing fertilization measures can not only promote the growth of vegetables, but also significantly improve the soil ecological environment.
【作者单位】：中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/国土资源部广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学重点实验室;南京师范大学地理科学学院;南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院;环境保护部南京环境科学研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41301313) 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(2015004)资助~~
【分类号】：S626;S154.386

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