我国土壤调理剂中重金属元素及其相关原料农业资源化利用现状

发布时间：2019-04-08 15:25

【摘要】：通过对土壤调理剂主要原料的分类分析,研究我国主要土壤调理剂产品中Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr 5种重金属元素含量及不合格率等现状,就相关原料农业资源化利用进行探讨,为我国土壤调理剂行业管理提供技术支撑。分析样品主要来自农业部肥料登记检验样品,部分样品来自企业质量跟踪或质量复核样品,以及调研采集样品;采用农业推荐性标准NY/T 1978-2010《肥料汞、砷、镉、铅、铬含量的测定》进行重金属元素含量检测,根据农业部肥料和土壤调理剂登记标准进行结果判定。在4种类型的土壤调理剂中,有机源土壤调理剂、化学源土壤调理剂和农林保水剂3类产品在本试验所有样本中均未出现不合格情况。矿物源土壤调理剂中存在As、Pb、Cr3种重金属元素超过限量规定的情况,尤其Pb元素导致的不合格率达20.9%,Pb含量检测平均值为42.5 mg/kg,已经接近限量标准(50 mg/kg),Pb含量最高检测值达到204 mg/kg,是导致矿物源土壤调理剂不合格的主要原因。通过土壤调理剂主要原料的分类分析,发现导致Pb元素超标所用原料主要包括钾长石、牡蛎壳、钢渣、钼尾矿、磷矿石+碱渣等5种。因此,我国土壤调理剂产品中重金属元素情况总体处于相对安全的水平范围内,有机源土壤调理剂、化学源土壤调理剂和农林保水剂质量情况较好,而矿物源土壤调理剂中As、Pb、Cr元素存在一定质量问题,尤其是Pb元素质量问题突出。关于钾长石、牡蛎壳作为土壤调理剂原料农用,笔者认为应注意严格控制重金属元素含量,避免因原料引起产品重金属元素超标,而钢渣则建议慎重作为土壤调理剂原料使用。
[Abstract]:Based on the classification and analysis of the main raw materials of soil conditioning agents, the contents of five heavy metal elements and the unqualified rate of Hg,As,Cd,Pb,Cr in the main soil conditioner products in China were studied, and the utilization of agricultural resources of the related raw materials was discussed. To provide technical support for the management of soil conditioning industry in China. The analytical samples are mainly from the fertilizer registration and inspection samples of the Ministry of Agriculture, and some samples are from the enterprise quality tracking or quality review samples, as well as the investigation and collection of samples; The contents of heavy metal elements were determined by agricultural recommendation standard NY/T 1978 / 2010 < determination of Mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead and Chromium contents of Fertilizer >. The results were determined according to the Registration Standard of Fertilizer and soil conditioning agents of the Ministry of Agriculture. Among the four types of soil conditioning agents, organic soil conditioning agent, chemical soil conditioning agent and agroforestry water retention agent did not appear to be unqualified in all the samples in this experiment. 4 types of soil conditioning agents, organic soil conditioning agents, chemical soil conditioning agents and agroforestry water retention agents were not found to be unqualified in this experiment. In mineral source soil conditioning agent, As,Pb,Cr3 heavy metal elements exceed the limit, especially the failure rate caused by Pb element is 20.9%, and the average detection value of Pb content is 42.5 mg/kg,. The maximum detection value of 50 mg/kg), Pb was up to 204 mg/kg, which was the main reason for the non-conformity of mineral-derived soil conditioner. Through the classification and analysis of the main raw materials of soil conditioner, it is found that the main materials used to cause Pb to exceed the standard include potassium feldspar, oyster shell, steel slag, molybdenum tailings, phosphate rock alkali slag and so on. Therefore, the situation of heavy metal elements in soil conditioner products in China is generally within the relatively safe level. The quality of organic soil conditioning agent, chemical soil conditioning agent and agroforestry water retention agent is better than that of mineral source soil conditioning agent, while As, in mineral source soil conditioning agent is of better quality than that of organic source soil conditioning agent, chemical soil conditioning agent and agroforestry water retention agent. There are some quality problems in Pb,Cr elements, especially in Pb elements. As for potash feldspar, oyster shell is used as raw material of soil conditioning agent for agriculture, the author thinks that attention should be paid to controlling the content of heavy metal element strictly to avoid the heavy metal element exceeding standard in products caused by raw material, and steel slag is suggested to be used cautiously as soil conditioning agent raw material.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;
【基金】：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2014-6) 国家重点研发计划项目课题(2016YFD0201303)
【分类号】：S156.2

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