农膜残留对砂壤土和砂土水分入渗和蒸发的影响

发布时间：2019-04-09 15:10

【摘要】：通过室内试验设置5个不同残膜量(0、50、100、200、400 kg/hm~2)处理,研究不同残膜量对砂壤土和砂土水分入渗湿润锋、入渗速率、累积入渗量、土壤累积蒸发量和蒸发速率的影响,并评价了主要土壤入渗、蒸发模型在农膜残留土壤的适用性。结果表明:随着土壤中残膜量增多,砂壤土和砂土入渗速率变慢,土壤湿润锋运移相同距离所需时间均显著增加,其中运移30 cm时,砂壤土残膜量400 kg/hm~2处理(SL5)比无残膜处理(SL1)运移时间增加了27.56%;相同入渗时间内累积入渗量随残膜量增加均显著减小(P0.05),入渗结束后SL5处理比SL1处理累积入渗量减小了52.01 m L(23.12%);残膜量增加导致蒸发速率、累积蒸发量都显著减小(P0.05),蒸发结束后SL5处理比SL1处理累积蒸发量减小了30.63%,且不同残膜量对砂壤土的影响大于砂土。对4个土壤水分入渗及蒸发模型进行拟合,结果显示Kostiakov和Philip入渗模型均能较好模拟残膜条件下土壤水分入渗,其中Philip入渗模型拟合精度高于Kostiakov入渗模型,且对砂土中农膜残留下的土壤水分入渗模拟效果更好;Black蒸发模型随着残膜量增加拟合精度下降,而Rose蒸发模型受残膜量的影响较小,更适合于农膜残留土壤累积蒸发量估算。
[Abstract]:The effects of 5 different residual film contents (0,50100200400 kg/hm~2) on wetting front, infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration rate, soil cumulative evaporation and evaporation rate of sandy loam and sandy soil were studied in laboratory experiments, and the effects of different residual film contents on soil moisture infiltration, infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration rate, soil evaporation rate and soil evaporation rate were studied. The applicability of the main soil infiltration and evaporation model in the residual soil was evaluated. The results showed that with the increase of residual film content in soil, the infiltration rate of sandy loam and sandy soil became slower, and the time required for soil wetting front movement at the same distance was significantly increased, and when the soil moved for 30 cm, the infiltration rate of sandy loam and sandy soil became slower. The migration time of residual film in sandy loam soil treated with 400 kg/hm~2 (SL5) was 27.56% longer than that without residual film (SL1). The cumulative infiltration amount decreased significantly with the increase of residual film content in the same infiltration time (P0.05). After infiltration, the cumulative infiltration amount of SL5 treatment decreased by 52.01 m L (23.12% than that of SL1 treatment. The evaporation rate and cumulative evaporation rate decreased significantly with the increase of residual film content (P0.05). After evaporation, the cumulative evaporation amount of SL5 treatment was 30.63% lower than that of SL1 treatment, and the effect of different residual film amount on sandy loam was greater than that of sand soil. Four models of soil water infiltration and evaporation were fitted. The results showed that both Kostiakov and Philip infiltration models could simulate soil moisture infiltration under residual film conditions, and the fitting accuracy of Philip infiltration model was higher than that of Kostiakov infiltration model. Moreover, the simulation effect of soil water infiltration left by agricultural film residue in sandy soil is better than that of soil water infiltration simulation. The fitting precision of the Black evaporation model decreased with the increase of the residual film content, while the Rose evaporation model was less affected by the residual film content, so it was more suitable for the estimation of the accumulated evaporation amount of the agricultural film residue soil.
【作者单位】：内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院;
【基金】：内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2016JQ06) 国家自然科学基金项目(51669020、51539005、51469022) 内蒙古科技计划项目内蒙水利科技计划项目
【分类号】：S152.7

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