绿肥阻控贵州山区坡耕地水土流失的应用

发布时间：2019-04-12 15:31

【摘要】：通过田间试验,研究绿肥阻控坡地水土流失,对土壤覆盖度、土壤侵蚀量、土壤水分及作物产量的影响,探索利用绿肥阻控坡地水土流失规律及技术。结果表明:种植和翻压绿肥能减少地表径流和土壤侵蚀量,提高旱坡地覆盖度,与对照组相比,苕子—玉米+菜豆模式在雨季减少地表径流62.6%,减少土壤侵蚀量78.4%,提高旱坡地覆盖度52.1%~66.7%。与对照相比,苕子—玉米处理玉米籽粒增产35.3%,秸秆增产34.1%,苕子—玉米+菜豆处理玉米籽粒增产25.8%,玉米秸秆增产39.7%,同时收获菜豆814.5kg/hm2,菜豆杆1 006.5kg/hm2。种植和翻压绿肥能够在雨量充沛时,减少水土流失,增强土壤的蓄水能力,雨量较少时能促进土壤提供作物水分,最终使得作物增产。
[Abstract]:The effect of green fertilizer on soil and water loss, soil cover, soil erosion, soil moisture and crop yield was studied by field experiment, and the law and technology of soil erosion control by green fertilizer were explored. The results showed that planting and toppressing green manure could reduce surface runoff and soil erosion, and increase land cover on dry slope. Compared with the control group, the model of vetch-corn bean reduced surface runoff by 62.6% in rainy season. The soil erosion was reduced by 78.4%, and the dry slope land cover was increased by 52.1% / 66.7%. Compared with the control, the yield of maize grain and straw increased by 35.3%, 34.1%, 25.8%, 39.7% and 814.5 kg / kg 路hm ~ 2, respectively. Bean stalk 1 006.5 kg / hm ~ 2. Planting and pressing green manure can reduce soil erosion and enhance soil water storage capacity when rainfall is abundant. When rainfall is low, green manure can promote soil to provide crop water, and finally increase crop yield.
【作者单位】：贵州省土壤肥料研究所;贵州省农业资源与环境研究所;贵州大学农学院;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201103005) 贵州省国际科技合作计划(黔科合外G字[2010]7035号) 贵州省创新能力建设项目(黔科合院所创能[2011]4002号) 贵州省科技厅《贵州省农业资源高效利用技术创新平台建设》(黔科条中补地[2012]4003号) 农业部《贵州省耕地保育与农业环境实验站》(黔科平台[2013]4002号)
【分类号】：S157

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