长期施肥条件下西南黄壤旱地有效磷对磷盈亏的响应
发布时间：2019-04-23 18:11
【摘要】：以贵州黄壤肥力与肥效长期定位试验为平台,探究有效磷(Olsen-P)与土壤累积磷盈亏、磷肥用量的关系,确定西南黄壤旱地最佳磷肥施肥量,通过Mitscherlich方程模拟作物相对产量对土壤Olsen-P的响应关系,明确西南黄壤旱地的农学阈值.结果表明:施用磷肥可显著提高土壤Olsen-P含量,不同施磷处理间提升幅度主要与磷肥施用量有关;不施磷处理土壤磷素一直处于亏缺状态,施磷处理土壤磷素有盈余,其中全量有机肥配施全量化肥处理(MNPK)作物吸磷量和磷素盈余量最高,同等施磷水平下,与单施化肥处理(NPK)相比,有机肥配施化肥处理(1/4 M+3/4 NPK、1/2 M+1/2 NPK)更能促进作物对磷素的吸收,提高磷素累积利用率.土壤累积磷盈亏与土壤Olsen-P增量呈显著直线相关关系(P0.05),土壤中磷素每盈余100 kg·hm~(-2),MNPK、1/4 M+3/4 NPK、1/2 M+1/2 NPK、NPK处理Olsen-P分别增加16.4、13.0、21.4、5.6 mg·kg~(-1),有机肥与化肥配施能有效增加土壤Olsen-P含量.西南黄壤旱地Olsen-P的农学阈值为22.4 mg·kg-1;土壤每年磷盈亏和Olsen-P含量与磷肥施用量呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),磷肥用量(纯P)为每年33.3 kg·hm~(-2)时,土壤磷盈亏呈持平状态,Olsen-P农学阈值对应的施肥量(纯P)为每年45.9 kg·hm~(-2).西南黄壤旱地Olsen-P含量主要与施磷水平有关,当年施磷量为45.9 kg·hm~(-2)时可获得最佳的作物产量,磷肥利用率高;当年施磷量高于45.9 kg·hm~(-2)时,作物产量对磷肥用量无响应,大量磷素累积在土壤中,增加了磷素的环境流失风险.西南黄壤旱地长期施用有机肥处理单位累积磷盈余量提升土壤Olsen-P的速率大于单施化学磷肥处理.
[Abstract]:Based on the long-term positioning experiment of fertility and fertilizer efficiency in yellow soil of Guizhou Province, the relationship between available phosphorus (Olsen-P) and accumulated phosphorus deficit in soil and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer used was studied, and the optimum fertilizer application rate in dry land of southwest yellow soil was determined. The response relationship of crop relative yield to soil Olsen-P was simulated by Mitscherlich equation, and the agronomic threshold of dry land in southwest yellow soil was determined. The results showed that the application of P fertilizer could significantly increase the content of Olsen-P in soil, and the range of increase was mainly related to the application rate of P fertilizer. There was a surplus of P in the soil without P application, in which the P uptake and surplus of (MNPK) crops were the highest in the treatment of total organic fertilizer combined with total fertilizer, and under the same P application level, the P uptake and surplus of soil P were the highest in the treatment of total organic fertilizer combined with total fertilizer, and the same P application level was found under the same P application level. Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (1 脳 4 M 3? 4 NPK,1/2 M 1? 2 NPK) could promote the uptake of phosphorus and increase the utilization rate of phosphorus accumulation in crops. There was a significant linear correlation between accumulated phosphorus accumulation and soil Olsen-P increment (P0.05). Every surplus of phosphorus in soil was 100 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), MNPK,1/4 M _ 3 / 4 NPK,1/2 M _ 1 ~ (- 2) NPK,. Olsen-P of NPK treatment increased 16.4,13.0,21.4 and 5.6 mg kg~ (- 1), respectively. The combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could effectively increase the content of Olsen-P in soil. The agronomic threshold of Olsen-P in arid land of southwest yellow soil is 22.4 mg kg-1;. There was a very significant positive correlation between the annual P deficit and Olsen-P content and the application rate of P fertilizer (P0.01). When the amount of P fertilizer (pure P) was 33.3 kg 路hm ~ (- 2) per year, the P surplus and deficit of the soil was flat. The fertilizer application rate (pure P) corresponding to the Olsen-P agronomic threshold was 45.9 kg 路hm ~ (- 2) per year. The content of Olsen-P in dry land of southwest yellow soil was mainly related to the level of phosphorus application. When the amount of phosphorus applied in the same year was 45.9 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), the best crop yield could be obtained, and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer was high. When the amount of phosphorus applied was higher than 45.9 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), the crop yield did not respond to the amount of phosphorus fertilizer, and a large amount of phosphorus accumulated in the soil, which increased the risk of environmental loss of phosphorus. The rate of increasing the accumulated phosphorus surplus per unit of organic fertilizer treatment was higher than that of single application of chemical phosphorus fertilizer in long-term application of organic fertilizer in the dry land of southwest yellow soil.
【作者单位】： 贵州省农业资源与环境研究所;农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;贵州省农业科学院;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030) 贵州省农业科学院自主创新专项(2014007) 贵州省科技计划项目(NY[2012]3082,[2013]4002)资助~~
【分类号】：S158
本文编号：2463682
[Abstract]:Based on the long-term positioning experiment of fertility and fertilizer efficiency in yellow soil of Guizhou Province, the relationship between available phosphorus (Olsen-P) and accumulated phosphorus deficit in soil and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer used was studied, and the optimum fertilizer application rate in dry land of southwest yellow soil was determined. The response relationship of crop relative yield to soil Olsen-P was simulated by Mitscherlich equation, and the agronomic threshold of dry land in southwest yellow soil was determined. The results showed that the application of P fertilizer could significantly increase the content of Olsen-P in soil, and the range of increase was mainly related to the application rate of P fertilizer. There was a surplus of P in the soil without P application, in which the P uptake and surplus of (MNPK) crops were the highest in the treatment of total organic fertilizer combined with total fertilizer, and under the same P application level, the P uptake and surplus of soil P were the highest in the treatment of total organic fertilizer combined with total fertilizer, and the same P application level was found under the same P application level. Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (1 脳 4 M 3? 4 NPK,1/2 M 1? 2 NPK) could promote the uptake of phosphorus and increase the utilization rate of phosphorus accumulation in crops. There was a significant linear correlation between accumulated phosphorus accumulation and soil Olsen-P increment (P0.05). Every surplus of phosphorus in soil was 100 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), MNPK,1/4 M _ 3 / 4 NPK,1/2 M _ 1 ~ (- 2) NPK,. Olsen-P of NPK treatment increased 16.4,13.0,21.4 and 5.6 mg kg~ (- 1), respectively. The combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could effectively increase the content of Olsen-P in soil. The agronomic threshold of Olsen-P in arid land of southwest yellow soil is 22.4 mg kg-1;. There was a very significant positive correlation between the annual P deficit and Olsen-P content and the application rate of P fertilizer (P0.01). When the amount of P fertilizer (pure P) was 33.3 kg 路hm ~ (- 2) per year, the P surplus and deficit of the soil was flat. The fertilizer application rate (pure P) corresponding to the Olsen-P agronomic threshold was 45.9 kg 路hm ~ (- 2) per year. The content of Olsen-P in dry land of southwest yellow soil was mainly related to the level of phosphorus application. When the amount of phosphorus applied in the same year was 45.9 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), the best crop yield could be obtained, and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer was high. When the amount of phosphorus applied was higher than 45.9 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), the crop yield did not respond to the amount of phosphorus fertilizer, and a large amount of phosphorus accumulated in the soil, which increased the risk of environmental loss of phosphorus. The rate of increasing the accumulated phosphorus surplus per unit of organic fertilizer treatment was higher than that of single application of chemical phosphorus fertilizer in long-term application of organic fertilizer in the dry land of southwest yellow soil.
【作者单位】： 贵州省农业资源与环境研究所;农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;贵州省农业科学院;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030) 贵州省农业科学院自主创新专项(2014007) 贵州省科技计划项目(NY[2012]3082,[2013]4002)资助~~
【分类号】：S158
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