利用不同有机和无机固体废物配制人工土壤的研究

发布时间：2019-04-24 18:14

【摘要】：以生活污泥、牛粪、蚓粪、菌菇渣、粉煤灰、脱硫石膏、钢渣和煤矸石8种固体废物为原料配置人工土壤,探讨不同有机和无机固体废物配比对人工土壤性质的影响。结果表明,获得的人工土壤中,粒级0.250 mm的水稳性团聚体质量分数总体在20%~50%,接近或达到正常的自然土壤标准,制得的人工土壤为弱碱性,pH实测值在7.12~8.14。培养过程中,人工土壤中有机碳含量大大降低。生活污泥组、蚓粪组人工土壤在培养过程中呈现铵态氮向硝态氮的转化,而牛粪组人工土壤在培养过程中虽然有较多的有机氮被矿化,但同时也有较多的硝态氮被重新同化成有机氮。合成的人工土壤在物理、化学、养分和生物毒理学性质方面均已达到自然土壤相关参数的正常范围值,可以满足植物生长的要求。但由于部分固体废物原料重金属超标,则应尽量避免用于种植可食用类植物。
[Abstract]:Eight kinds of solid wastes, such as domestic sludge, cow dung, vermis dung, mushroom residue, fly ash, desulphurization gypsum, steel slag and coal gangue, were used as raw materials to prepare artificial soil. The effects of different organic and inorganic solid waste ratios on the properties of artificial soil were discussed. The results showed that the water stability aggregate mass fraction of 0.250 mm in the artificial soil was 20% ~ 50%, which was close to or up to the normal natural soil standard. The artificial soil was weakly alkaline, and the measured value of pH was 7.12 ~ 8.14. In the process of culture, the organic carbon content in artificial soil decreased greatly. The artificial soil in the living sludge group and lumber manure group showed the transformation from ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the process of culture, while in the cattle manure group, although more organic nitrogen was mineralized in the artificial soil during the culture process, the artificial soil in the cattle manure group showed the transformation from ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. But at the same time, more nitrate nitrogen was re-assimilated to organic nitrogen. The synthetic artificial soil has reached the normal range of natural soil parameters in physical, chemical, nutrient and bio-toxicological properties, which can meet the requirements of plant growth. However, due to excessive heavy metals in some solid waste raw materials, it should be avoided to plant edible plants as far as possible.
【作者单位】：扬州大学环境科学与工程学院;江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.41301308、No.31272228) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2013CB127404) 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201103004)
【分类号】：S153;X705

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