深埋秸秆和覆膜对土壤水分、玉米产量及品质的影响

发布时间：2019-04-30 06:52

【摘要】：为了探讨东北半湿润地区深埋秸秆和覆膜对土壤水分、玉米产量及品质的影响,以美津599为供试玉米品种,采用大垄双行种植方法,在沈阳地区进行田间小区对比试验。试验设置4个处理:秸秆无膜(S)、秸秆+覆膜(S+M)、无秸秆+覆膜(M)和无秸秆无膜(CK),并对不同处理条件下土壤水分动态、玉米产量和品质进行分析。结果表明:S和S+M处理能够显著提高0~30cm土层的土壤含水率,S处理0~30cm土层的玉米播种初始含水率分别比S+M、M和CK处理分别提高0.02,0.04,0.04cm3·cm-3,玉米收获后,S处理0~30cm土层的土壤含水率比S+M、M和CK处理分别提高0.04,0.04,0.04cm3·cm-3;S和S+M处理的玉米产量均高于M和CK处理,S+M处理产量最高,比S、M和CK处理分别增产0.731%、5.85%和10.75%。本研究结果还表明,半湿润地区深埋秸秆可有效提高农田土壤水分,深埋秸秆有效地利用了秋冬季降水资源,明显改善土壤的蓄水、保水和供水能力。覆膜措施在玉米生长中后期,不利于土壤水分状态的改善。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of straw and film mulching on soil moisture, maize yield and quality in semi-humid area of Northeast China, Meizin 599 was used as the tested maize variety and the double-row planting method of big ridge was used to carry out the field plot contrast experiment in Shenyang area. Four treatments were set up: straw-free (S), straw mulching (S M), straw-mulching (M) and straw-free (CK),. The soil moisture dynamics, maize yield and quality under different treatment conditions were analyzed. The results showed that S and SM treatments could significantly improve the soil moisture content of 0~30cm soil layer. The initial water content of maize sowing in S treatment 0~30cm soil layer was higher than that of S M, M and CK treatments, respectively. After harvest of 0.04cm3 cm-3, maize, the treatment of S and S M increased the soil moisture content of soil by 0.02,0.04 and 0.04 respectively. The soil moisture content of S-treated 0~30cm soil layer was higher than that of SM, M and CK treatment, respectively. The soil moisture content of S treatment was 0.04, 0.04, and 0.04cm3 cm-3; respectively. The maize yield in S and S M treatments was higher than that in M and CK treatments, and increased by 0.731%, 5.85% and 10.75%, respectively, compared with S, M and CK treatments. The results also show that the deep-buried straw in semi-humid area can effectively improve the soil moisture, and the deep-buried straw can effectively utilize the precipitation resources in autumn and winter, and obviously improve the water storage, water retention and water supply capacity of the soil. Film mulching was not conducive to the improvement of soil moisture status in the middle and late stages of maize growth.
【作者单位】：沈阳农业大学水利学院;国网辽宁省电力有限公司鞍山供电公司;
【基金】：农业部公益性行业科研专项项目(201303125) 辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2015020770)
【分类号】：S152.7;S513

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