基于USLE模型的吉林梨树县土壤侵蚀现状初步分析
发布时间：2019-05-11 21:48
【摘要】：中国的大东北有着优质的黑土资源,黑色土壤中有着大量的腐殖质,有极大的营养价值,一直为人民最基本的食物需求无私奉献着。土壤侵蚀使得东北黑土地土壤有机质含量在下降,也造成了土壤的板结以及盐渍化,使得黑土区的产粮能力减弱。本文应用遥感、地理信息系统、查询资料、实地验证等手段获取降雨、地形、土壤可蚀性、土地植被覆盖类型、植被盖度和水保措施等数据。再应用美国土壤流失方程USLE模型对吉林省梨树县的土壤侵蚀做了初步的计算与分析,主要结论如下:(1)梨树县林草总面积为402.1 km2,占总土地面积的百分比为10.42%;梨树县市以高覆盖、中高覆盖为主,占林草面积的百分比分别为42.30%、23.85%。(2)梨树县总体的侵蚀面积约873 km2,约占到整个梨树县总面积的22.61%,主要以轻度和强烈侵蚀为主。中度、极强烈和剧烈占少量的一部分。(3)梨树县2013年土壤侵蚀总量约为1651024t,主要是轻度、中度及剧烈为主。(4)梨树县2013年与2010年相比,中度水蚀、极强烈水蚀面积显著减少。其中中度水蚀面积减少120.7km2,为水蚀面积减少最多。
[Abstract]:The great northeast of China has high quality black soil resources, black soil has a large number of humus, has great nutritional value, has been selfless dedication for the most basic food needs of the people. Soil erosion leads to the decrease of soil organic matter content in black soil in Northeast China, which also leads to the consolidation and salinization of soil, and weakens the grain production capacity of black soil area. In this paper, remote sensing, geographic information system, query data and field verification are used to obtain the data of rainfall, topography, soil erodibility, land vegetation cover type, vegetation coverage and soil and water conservation measures. The soil erosion of Lishu County in Jilin Province was calculated and analyzed by using the USLE model of soil loss equation in the United States. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the total area of forest and grass in Lishu County is 402.1 km2, as a percentage of the total land area is 10.42%; The percentage of forest and grass area in Lishu County was 42.30% and 23.85% respectively. (2) the total erosion area of Lishu County accounted for 22.61% of the total area of Lishu County. (2) the total erosion area of Lishu County was about 873 km2, which accounted for 22.61% of the total area of Lishu County. Mainly mild and strong erosion. Moderate, extremely strong and severe accounted for a small part. (3) the total soil erosion in Lishu County in 2013 was about 1651024t, mainly mild, moderate and severe. (4) compared with 2010, Lishu County in 2013 had moderate water erosion. The area of extremely strong water erosion decreased significantly. Among them, the area of water erosion decreased by 120.7 km ~ 2, and the area of water erosion decreased the most.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157
本文编号：2474875
[Abstract]:The great northeast of China has high quality black soil resources, black soil has a large number of humus, has great nutritional value, has been selfless dedication for the most basic food needs of the people. Soil erosion leads to the decrease of soil organic matter content in black soil in Northeast China, which also leads to the consolidation and salinization of soil, and weakens the grain production capacity of black soil area. In this paper, remote sensing, geographic information system, query data and field verification are used to obtain the data of rainfall, topography, soil erodibility, land vegetation cover type, vegetation coverage and soil and water conservation measures. The soil erosion of Lishu County in Jilin Province was calculated and analyzed by using the USLE model of soil loss equation in the United States. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the total area of forest and grass in Lishu County is 402.1 km2, as a percentage of the total land area is 10.42%; The percentage of forest and grass area in Lishu County was 42.30% and 23.85% respectively. (2) the total erosion area of Lishu County accounted for 22.61% of the total area of Lishu County. (2) the total erosion area of Lishu County was about 873 km2, which accounted for 22.61% of the total area of Lishu County. Mainly mild and strong erosion. Moderate, extremely strong and severe accounted for a small part. (3) the total soil erosion in Lishu County in 2013 was about 1651024t, mainly mild, moderate and severe. (4) compared with 2010, Lishu County in 2013 had moderate water erosion. The area of extremely strong water erosion decreased significantly. Among them, the area of water erosion decreased by 120.7 km ~ 2, and the area of water erosion decreased the most.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157
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