赣南脐橙果园土壤微量元素含量分布特征

发布时间：2019-05-12 08:03

【摘要】：土壤是植物吸收微量元素的主要来源,土壤中微量元素的含量缺乏会使植株生长不良,产量减少;若微量元素含量供给过剩,也可能会影响到作物的产量和品质。土壤中各微量元素的含量差异较大,影响土壤中微量元素含量的主要因素有土壤质地、有机质、pH以及人为活动等。江西赣南是我国最大的脐橙主产区,因此,了解赣南脐橙园土壤中微量元素含量分布状况,对正确评价当地的土壤肥力状况和生产条件、合理施用微量元素肥料以及优质的脐橙生产提供理论依据。本文选择赣南18县(市)的477个脐橙果园采集的1405份土壤样本,测定了其中铜、锌、铁、锰和硼元素的有效态含量,探讨了不同土壤类型、果园果树种植年限、土壤pH值以及土壤有机质含量对各微量元素有效态含量的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.不同种植区域脐橙园土壤有效铜、有效锌、有效铁、有效锰和有效硼含量存在较大差异,其总体平均值分别为:1.55 mg·kg-1,2.85 mg·kg-1,83.57 mg·kg-1,63.37 mg·kg-1,0.16mg·kg-1。根据脐橙园土壤微量元素有效态含量的分级标准分类可知,土壤有效铜、锌、铁和锰分别有76.45%、75.16%、98.58%和85.55%的土壤样本处于适量及以上水平。而土壤有效硼含量处于适量及以上水平的仅占14.3%。这是我国南方酸性土壤中微量元素含量分布的典型特征。既赣南大部分脐橙园土壤有效铁和有效锰含量充足而有余,但也有少数果园土壤中缺乏微量元素或存在各微量元素不平衡现象,应引起重视并适当补充。大部分脐橙园土壤有效硼含量处于缺乏水平,故生产上要考虑施加硼肥。2.赣南脐橙园主要有红壤、砂质红壤、黄壤、水稻土和紫色土等土壤类型。由于不同类型土壤的特性有着较大的差别,特别是其养分含量状况不尽相同,因此脐橙园不同土壤类型的微量元素有效态含量存在较大差异,水稻土中各微量元素有效态含量最高,黄壤最低。因此,在黄壤果园中,应合理地平衡施加微量元素。3.根据果园果树种植年限对土壤样本进行分类,分析了从果树定植1-15年之间,果园土壤微量元素有效态含量与果树种植年限的关系,结果发现10年以内的脐橙果园脐橙园土壤有效铜和有效锌含量随种植年限的增加而增加,10年之后趋于平缓。有效硼含量随果树种植年限的增加而增加。有效铁和有效锰含量随果树种植年限变化不明显。因此,新开垦果园土壤应及时补充微量元素,增加土壤微量元素的有效性。4.各微量元素含量与土壤pH值和有机质含量的相关性分析表明:有效铜、有效锌、有效铁和有效锰含量与pH呈正相关,说明在脐橙果园中,通过施加石灰的方式适当降低土壤的酸度,有利于提高铜、锌、铁和锰元素的有效性。有效铜、有效锌和有效铁与有机质含量呈正相关,说明提高土壤有机质,也将明显改善铜、铁、锌、等微量元素的有效性。
[Abstract]:Soil is the main source of trace elements absorbed by plants. The lack of trace elements in soil will make the growth of plants poor and the yield decrease. If the content of trace elements is oversupplied, it may also affect the yield and quality of crops. The main factors affecting the content of trace elements in soil are soil texture, organic matter, pH and man-made activities, etc. The main factors affecting the content of trace elements in soil are soil texture, organic matter, pH and human activities. Jiangxi Gannan is the largest main producing area of navel orange in China. Therefore, to understand the distribution of trace elements in the soil of umbilical orange orchard in southern Jiangxi, and to correctly evaluate the local soil fertility and production conditions, Rational application of trace element fertilizer and high quality navel orange production provide theoretical basis. In this paper, 1405 soil samples collected from 477 navel orange orchards in 18 counties (cities) of Gannan were selected to determine the available contents of copper, zinc, iron, manganese and boron, and to explore different soil types and planting years of orchard fruit trees. Effects of soil pH value and soil organic matter content on available contents of various trace elements. The main results are as follows: 1. The contents of available copper, available zinc, available iron, available manganese and available boron in navel orange orchard soil were quite different in different planting areas. The overall average values are 1.55 mg kg-1,2.85 mg kg-1,83.57 mg kg-1,63.37 mg kg-1, 0.16mg kg-1.. According to the classification standard classification of available trace elements in navel orange orchard, the available copper, zinc, iron and manganese were 76.45%, 75.16%, 98.58% and 85.55%, respectively. The content of available boron in soil was only 14.3%. This is a typical feature of the distribution of trace elements in acidic soils in southern China. The contents of available iron and available manganese in most navel orange orchards in southern Jiangxi are sufficient and more than, but there are also a few orchards in the soil lack of trace elements or there is imbalance of trace elements, which should be paid attention to and properly supplemented. The available boron content in most navel orange orchards is in lack of level, so boron fertilizer should be considered in production. 2. There are mainly red soil, sandy red soil, yellow soil, paddy soil and purple soil in navel orange orchard in southern Jiangxi. Because the characteristics of different types of soil are quite different, especially the nutrient content of different types of soil is different, so the available content of trace elements in different soil types of navel orange orchard is quite different. The available content of each trace element in paddy soil was the highest and that in yellow soil was the lowest. Therefore, trace elements should be applied reasonably in yellow soil orchards. Soil samples were classified according to the planting years of fruit trees in orchards, and the relationship between available contents of trace elements in orchard soil and planting years of fruit trees was analyzed from 1 to 15 years of colonization of fruit trees. The results showed that the content of available Cu and Zn in the soil of navel orange orchard in navel orange orchard increased with the increase of planting years within 10 years, and tended to calm down after 10 years. The content of available boron increased with the increase of planting years of fruit trees. The contents of available iron and available manganese did not change obviously with the planting years of fruit trees. Therefore, the newly reclaimed orchard soil should supplement trace elements in time to increase the availability of soil trace elements. 4. The correlation analysis of the contents of trace elements with soil pH and organic matter showed that the contents of available copper, available zinc, available iron and available manganese were positively correlated with pH, indicating that the contents of available copper, available zinc, available iron and available manganese in navel orange orchard were positively correlated. It is beneficial to improve the availability of copper, zinc, iron and manganese by applying lime to reduce the acidity of soil. The contents of available copper, available zinc and available iron were positively correlated with the content of organic matter, indicating that increasing soil organic matter would also significantly improve the availability of trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153;O657.31

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