苏北沿海地区不同土地利用类型下土壤动物群落结构特征

发布时间：2019-05-14 01:15

【摘要】：【目的】了解中国苏北沿海地区不同土地利用类型下土壤动物的多样性及其生态分布特征,为该地区土壤动物系统研究以及生态系统健康评价提供基础资料。【方法】采用手拣法和干漏斗法,对苏北沿海3种不同土地利用类型(杨树人工林、杨-农复合林、农田)下的土壤动物群落组成与多样性特征进行研究。【结果】土壤动物群落在杨树人工林、杨-农复合林、农田中均以蜱螨目(Acarina)、弹尾目(Collembola)动物为优势类群,占全部捕获量的82.48%,是组成该地区土壤动物群落的主体;土壤动物个体数量随季节呈现一定规律性,即夏秋春冬;土壤动物垂直分布上,表聚性明显;在群落多样性方面,杨树人工林土壤动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数最高,杨-农复合系统土壤动物的丰富度(Margalef指数)最高,而农田土壤动物的Simpson优势度最高,多样性指数与均匀度指数最低。【结论】土地利用方式的转变影响了土壤动物的组成与多样性特征,复合经营和适度干扰可在一定程度上提高土壤动物的丰富度;但是人为干扰强度较大时,会降低土壤动物的多样性和均匀度。
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate the diversity and ecological distribution of soil animals under different land use types in the coastal areas of northern Jiangsu, China. To provide basic data for the study of soil animal system and ecosystem health assessment in this area. [methods] three different land use types (poplar plantation, poplar and agricultural compound forest) along the coast of northern Jiangsu were studied by hand sorting method and dry drain bucket method. The community composition and diversity characteristics of soil animals under farmland were studied. [results] the soil fauna was found in poplar plantation, poplar-agricultural compound forest, and (Collembola) was the dominant group in farmland. Accounting for 82.48% of the total catch, it is the main body of soil animal community in this area. The individual number of soil animals showed a certain regularity with the season, that is, summer, autumn, spring and winter, the vertical distribution of soil animals was obvious, and the apparent accumulation was obvious. In terms of community diversity, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of poplar plantations were the highest, the richness of soil animals (Margalef index) of poplar-agricultural complex system was the highest, and the Simpson dominance of farmland soil animals was the highest. The diversity index and evenness index were the lowest. [conclusion] the change of land use pattern affects the composition and diversity characteristics of soil animals, and compound management and moderate disturbance can improve the richness of soil animals to a certain extent. However, when the intensity of human disturbance is large, the diversity and evenness of soil animals will be reduced.
【作者单位】：南方现代林业协同创新中心南京林业大学生物与环境学院;江苏农林职业技术学院风景园林学院;上海市林业总站;西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院;江苏省东台林场;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600204) 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
【分类号】：S154

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