牛粪固体物堆肥制作卧床垫料的效果及其低温纤维素降解菌的筛选
发布时间：2019-05-17 09:05
【摘要】：畜禽粪便的处理和利用,受经济和能源条件的限制,尤其在环境保护的要求日益严格的情况下,是规模化养殖场所面临的共同难题。堆肥技术作为一种安全、有效、经济的处置方法,能够杀灭牛粪中的病原微生物使其达到稳定化、无害化,然后可回用作为牛床垫料,多余部分进行深度发酵,待进一步完成腐化和矿化后又可以用做有机肥施用于周边农田实现资源化利用。在国内已引进的先进粪污处理工艺中,堆肥发酵是最重要的一环。内蒙古地区冬季气温低且持续时间长,牛粪难以快速起温,导致纤维素降解缓慢,影响堆肥进程和发酵周期,因此筛选高效纤维素降解菌并以此为基础研制低温复合发酵剂尤为必要。本实验从伊利牧场采用牛粪固液分离后,对固体物进行了现场大型条垛式堆肥试验。并采集堆肥Od、3d、4d、7d、14d、21d、28d的样品测定温度、水分、pH、种子发芽指数(GI)、大肠杆菌数、金黄色葡萄球菌数、沙门氏菌数。结果表明：采用国标法在堆肥4d后已检测不到三种致病菌；随着堆肥时间的延长,温度会先升后降,水分含量会逐渐降低,GI值会逐渐升高,pH在8.03-8.90范围内上下波动。取堆肥的0d、3d、4d样品,混合后经过富集,在羧甲基纤维素培养基上分离纯化,再通过刚果红染色法和温度调控从牛粪中筛选出6株酶活力较高的低温纤维素降解菌。将酶活力较高的菌株进一步拮抗试验,筛选出4株无相互拮抗作用的菌株,其中细菌2株,放线菌1株,真菌1株。将这四种菌混合后成为低温复合发酵剂,添加到牛粪堆肥中,能使牛粪在低温环境下迅速起温,有效缩短堆肥进程。
[Abstract]:The treatment and utilization of livestock and poultry faeces are limited by economic and energy conditions, especially under the increasingly strict requirements of environmental protection, which is a common problem faced by large-scale breeding sites. Composting technology, as a safe, effective and economical disposal method, can kill the pathogenic microorganisms in cow dung and make it stable and innocuous, and then it can be reused as cow bed cushion and the excess part can be fermented deeply. After further corruption and mineralization, it can be used as organic fertilizer to realize resource utilization in surrounding farmland. Compost fermentation is the most important part of the advanced fecal treatment technology introduced in China. In Inner Mongolia, the temperature in winter is low and lasts for a long time, so it is difficult for cow dung to warm up rapidly, which leads to the slow degradation of cellulose and affects the composting process and fermentation cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to screen high efficient cellulose degradation bacteria and develop low temperature compound starter on the basis of it. After the solid-liquid separation of cow dung from Yili Ranch, the field large-scale strip composting test was carried out. The temperature, moisture, seed germination index of pH, the number of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella were measured by compost Od,3d,4d,7d,14d,21d,28d. The results showed that there were no three pathogenic bacteria detected by the national standard method after 4 days of composting. With the prolongation of composting time, the temperature will increase first and then decrease, the water content will decrease gradually, the GI value will increase gradually, and the pH will fluctuate up and down in the range of 8.03 鈮，
本文编号：2478979
[Abstract]:The treatment and utilization of livestock and poultry faeces are limited by economic and energy conditions, especially under the increasingly strict requirements of environmental protection, which is a common problem faced by large-scale breeding sites. Composting technology, as a safe, effective and economical disposal method, can kill the pathogenic microorganisms in cow dung and make it stable and innocuous, and then it can be reused as cow bed cushion and the excess part can be fermented deeply. After further corruption and mineralization, it can be used as organic fertilizer to realize resource utilization in surrounding farmland. Compost fermentation is the most important part of the advanced fecal treatment technology introduced in China. In Inner Mongolia, the temperature in winter is low and lasts for a long time, so it is difficult for cow dung to warm up rapidly, which leads to the slow degradation of cellulose and affects the composting process and fermentation cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to screen high efficient cellulose degradation bacteria and develop low temperature compound starter on the basis of it. After the solid-liquid separation of cow dung from Yili Ranch, the field large-scale strip composting test was carried out. The temperature, moisture, seed germination index of pH, the number of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella were measured by compost Od,3d,4d,7d,14d,21d,28d. The results showed that there were no three pathogenic bacteria detected by the national standard method after 4 days of composting. With the prolongation of composting time, the temperature will increase first and then decrease, the water content will decrease gradually, the GI value will increase gradually, and the pH will fluctuate up and down in the range of 8.03 鈮，
本文编号：2478979
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