基于奶牛专业合作社调查分析的秸秆循环模式对系统能值效率的影响
发布时间：2019-05-24 01:45
【摘要】：试验于2012年至2014年在山东省德州市平原县进行,对平原县奶牛专业合作社情况调查研究,探讨了奶牛业生产体系,进而比较了玉米带穗和去穗日粮对奶牛生产性能和物质能量利用的影响,得出有利于奶牛业发展的秸秆利用方式,并进一步通过对秸秆不同利用方式探讨了其对不同农业循环模式的能值效率和可持续发展能力的影响。1.平原县畜牧专业合作社的调查分析本论文以平原县为例,通过系统整理国内外关于畜牧业生产合作社发展的研究成果,并进行实际调查,通过优先序分析,对当前平原县奶牛专业生产合作社运营过程进行较为详细的分析,同时对平原县奶牛专业生产合作社的发展状况进行总结,特别是对于其发展过程中有益经验的总结,以更好地把握奶牛专业生产合作社的制度性质和发展趋势,建立一个适合山东省情况的奶牛专业生产合作社发展的制度框架,为已经投入运营的奶牛专业生产合作社以及正在建设中的奶牛专业生产合作社提供有针对性的指导,为有关的管理和监督部门制定相关政策提供理论和实践依据,对目前奶牛养殖专业合作社的发展现状、管理方式以及未来奶牛专业合作社需要改善的方面提出了对策分析,探讨逐步建立并完善山东省奶牛合作社奶牛业生产体系的新方式,为如何加快奶牛业集约化、产业化、现代化进程提供借鉴,从而为山东省奶牛专业生产合作社实现现代化发展提供对策。2.不同玉米日粮对奶牛生产性能和物质能量利用的影响奶牛饲喂试验选用20头体重为550±30kg,泌乳日龄为130±9d,头胎、健康的新西兰荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为两组,分别饲喂带穗玉米日粮和去穗玉米日粮,预饲期7天,正试期30天,分别测定饲料和牛粪中粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、钾(K)的含量,记录奶牛产奶量,测定牛奶的酸度、乳蛋白(CP)、乳脂(EE)、乳糖(WSC)的含量。本试验以去穗和带穗两种玉米混合日粮对牛奶产量和品质及奶牛养分表观消化率的影响为研究方向,通过比较带穗玉米日粮和去穗玉米日粮对奶牛生产性能和物质能量利用的影响,明确饲养亚系统中的物质循环和能量流动情况,为合理的秸秆饲料化方式提供支撑。饲喂带穗玉米日粮的奶牛比饲喂去穗玉米日粮的奶牛饲料转化率高2.08%、产奶量提高了15%,乳蛋白提高了8.16%(P0.05),乳脂率提高了12.02%(P0.05),乳糖提高了2.89%(P0.05)。通过“输入-输出分析法”对饲养亚系统中能量流动进行了计算,得出饲养系统中饲喂带穗玉米日粮的奶牛能量的产投比为0.55,高于饲喂去穗玉米日粮的奶牛的0.51。在此饲养生态系统中,带穗玉米日粮饲喂奶牛产生的生态和经济效益均优于用去穗玉米日粮,因此,应适度加大带穗玉米的饲喂量代替去穗玉米日粮,大力发展带穗玉米秸秆饲料化技术。3.不同秸秆循环方式对土壤肥力、作物产量以及能值效率的影响本研究以小麦玉米两熟农田、奶牛饲养系统和沼气发酵系统为研究对象,以常规施肥对照模式(CK),设置玉米秸秆粉碎还田的农田循环模式、沼液还田的农沼循环模式和有机肥还田的农牧循环模式3种循环模式,分析了不同秸秆还田处理方式对小麦玉米两熟农田生态系统土壤肥力、作物产量影响,用能值方法比较4种循环系统的能值效率和可持续发展能力。4种处理土壤全氮和有机质含量跟处理前相比均有所增加,有机肥还田的增加最为明显,分别增加了48.24%和12.38%。土壤全氮和有机质含量表现为:有机肥还田秸秆粉碎还田沼液还田常规施肥,处理间差异显著(P0.05)。小麦产量表现为:有机肥还田沼液还田秸秆粉碎还田常规施肥,处理间差异显著(P0.05)。玉米产量表现为:有机肥还田秸秆粉碎还田沼液还田常规施肥,处理间差异显著(P0.05)。4种模式的净能值产出率(EYR)都大于1,农田、农沼和农牧循环模式的EYR分别是对照模式的1.13倍、54.22%和50.2%,农田、农沼和农牧循环模式的能值投资率(EIR)分别是对照模式的80.88%、4.25倍和5.85倍,农田、农沼和农牧循环模式的环境负载率(ELR)分别是对照模式的78.95%、3.71倍和1.76倍,农田循环模式对环境的压力最小,农沼循环模式对环境的压力较大,4种模式的ELR都在可接受范围内。农牧循环模式的产品安全性指标(EIPS)为-0.015,最接近于0,其产品安全性最高,而对照模式的产品存在一定的安全隐患。种植模式中农田循环模式可持续发展能力优于对照模式,复合循环模式中农牧循环模式要优于农沼循环模式。综上所述,农牧循环模式的发展潜力最大,是最适合本地区的秸秆利用循环模式。
[Abstract]:The experiment was carried out in Pingyuan County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, from 2012 to 2014, and the investigation and study on the situation of dairy cattle in Pingyuan County were carried out, and the production system of dairy cattle industry was discussed, and the effects of the grain on the production performance and energy utilization of the dairy cows were compared. The method of straw utilization in favor of the development of dairy cattle industry is obtained, and the effect of the different utilization methods of the straw on the energy efficiency and the sustainable development ability of different agricultural circulation modes is also discussed. This paper, taking Pingyuan County as an example, takes Pingyuan County as an example, and through systematic arrangement of the research results on the development of animal husbandry production cooperative at home and abroad, and carries on the actual investigation, through the priority order analysis, The paper makes a detailed analysis of the operation process of the dairy production cooperative in the current Pingyuan County, and summarizes the development of the professional production cooperative of the dairy cows in Pingyuan County, especially the summary of the beneficial experience in the development of the dairy cattle in Pingyuan County, In order to better grasp the system nature and development trend of the dairy production co-operatives, a system framework for the development of the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows in Shandong is established. In order to provide relevant guidance to the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows which have been put into operation and the professional production cooperatives of the dairy cows in construction, to provide theoretical and practical basis for the development of relevant policies for the relevant management and supervision departments, and the current situation of the development of the current dairy cattle breeding professional cooperative, In order to speed up the intensification, industrialization and modernization of the dairy cattle industry, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for the improvement of the management mode and the future dairy professional cooperative, and probes into the new way to establish and perfect the dairy production system of the dairy cattle cooperative in Shandong, and to provide reference for how to speed up the intensification, industrialization and modernization of the dairy cattle industry. So as to provide the countermeasures for the modernization development of the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows in Shandong Province. The effects of different corn diets on the production performance and energy utilization of the dairy cows were selected as the 20-head weight of 550-30kg, the lactation-day of 130-9d, the head-fetus and the healthy New Zealand Holstein dairy cattle, which were randomly divided into two groups. The content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the feed and the cow dung, the content of the crude fat (EE), the crude fiber (CF), the calcium (Ca), the phosphorus (P) and the potassium (K) in the feed and the cow dung, the milk yield, the acidity of the milk, the milk protein (CP), the milk fat (EE), The content of lactose (WSC). The effects of the two kinds of corn mixed diets on the yield and quality of the milk and the apparent digestibility of the nutrients in the dairy cows were studied in this experiment, and the effects of the dietary and ear-heading corn diets on the production performance and the energy utilization of the dairy cows were compared. And the material circulation and energy flow conditions in the feeding sub-system are clearly defined, and the support is provided for a reasonable straw feeding mode. The feed conversion rate was 2.08%, the milk yield was increased by 15%, the milk protein was increased by 8.16% (P0.05), the milk fat rate was increased by 12.02% (P0.05), and the lactose increased by 2.89% (P0.05). The energy flow in the feeding system was calculated by the "input-output analysis", and the yield ratio of the energy of the dairy cows fed with the corn was 0.55, which was higher than that of the dairy cows fed to the ear-ear corn. In this system, the ecological and economic benefit of the feeding of the corn with the ear of the ear is better than that of the corn for the ear. Therefore, the feeding amount of the corn with the ear of the ear should be appropriately increased instead of the corn of the ear, and the feed technology of the corn with the ear can be vigorously developed. The effects of different straw recycling methods on soil fertility, crop yield and energy efficiency were studied. the soil fertility and the crop yield of the wheat-corn two-cooked farmland ecosystem are analyzed by the three-cycle mode of the farming-pastoral cycle mode of the biogas slurry returning to the field and the farming-pastoral cycle mode of the organic fertilizer returning to the field, The energy value efficiency and the sustainable development ability of the four cycle systems were compared by the energy value method. The total nitrogen and the organic matter content of the four kinds of treatment soil increased, and the increase of the organic fertilizer returned to the field was the most obvious, which increased by 48.24% and 12.38%, respectively. The total nitrogen and organic matter content of the soil showed that the organic fertilizer returned to the field and returned to the field and the biogas slurry returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The yield of the wheat was as follows: the organic fertilizer returned to the field and the straw was crushed and returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The yield of the corn was as follows: the organic fertilizer returned to the field and returned to the field and the biogas slurry returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The net energy yield (EYR) of the four modes was more than 1, and the EYR of the farmland, the agricultural and the agro-pastoral cycle was 1.13 times, 54.22% and 50.2% of the control mode, respectively, and the farmland, The energy-value investment rate (EIR) of the agricultural and pastoral cycle modes is 80.88%, 4.25 and 5.85 times of the control mode, respectively. The environmental loading rate (ELR) of the farmland, the agricultural and pastoral cycle modes is 78.95%, 3.71-fold and 1.76-fold, respectively, and the pressure of the environment is the least. The circulation model of the marsh gas has a great pressure on the environment, and the ELR of the four modes is within the acceptable range. The product safety index (EIPS) of the agro-pastoral cycle model is-0.015, most close to 0, the product safety is the highest, and the product of the control mode has certain potential safety hazard. The sustainable development ability of the farmland circulation mode in the planting mode is superior to that of the control mode, and the farming-pastoral cycle mode in the composite cycle mode is better than the farming-marsh cycle mode. In conclusion, the development potential of the agro-pastoral cycle model is the most suitable for the straw utilization cycle mode in the region.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S181
[Abstract]:The experiment was carried out in Pingyuan County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, from 2012 to 2014, and the investigation and study on the situation of dairy cattle in Pingyuan County were carried out, and the production system of dairy cattle industry was discussed, and the effects of the grain on the production performance and energy utilization of the dairy cows were compared. The method of straw utilization in favor of the development of dairy cattle industry is obtained, and the effect of the different utilization methods of the straw on the energy efficiency and the sustainable development ability of different agricultural circulation modes is also discussed. This paper, taking Pingyuan County as an example, takes Pingyuan County as an example, and through systematic arrangement of the research results on the development of animal husbandry production cooperative at home and abroad, and carries on the actual investigation, through the priority order analysis, The paper makes a detailed analysis of the operation process of the dairy production cooperative in the current Pingyuan County, and summarizes the development of the professional production cooperative of the dairy cows in Pingyuan County, especially the summary of the beneficial experience in the development of the dairy cattle in Pingyuan County, In order to better grasp the system nature and development trend of the dairy production co-operatives, a system framework for the development of the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows in Shandong is established. In order to provide relevant guidance to the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows which have been put into operation and the professional production cooperatives of the dairy cows in construction, to provide theoretical and practical basis for the development of relevant policies for the relevant management and supervision departments, and the current situation of the development of the current dairy cattle breeding professional cooperative, In order to speed up the intensification, industrialization and modernization of the dairy cattle industry, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for the improvement of the management mode and the future dairy professional cooperative, and probes into the new way to establish and perfect the dairy production system of the dairy cattle cooperative in Shandong, and to provide reference for how to speed up the intensification, industrialization and modernization of the dairy cattle industry. So as to provide the countermeasures for the modernization development of the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows in Shandong Province. The effects of different corn diets on the production performance and energy utilization of the dairy cows were selected as the 20-head weight of 550-30kg, the lactation-day of 130-9d, the head-fetus and the healthy New Zealand Holstein dairy cattle, which were randomly divided into two groups. The content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the feed and the cow dung, the content of the crude fat (EE), the crude fiber (CF), the calcium (Ca), the phosphorus (P) and the potassium (K) in the feed and the cow dung, the milk yield, the acidity of the milk, the milk protein (CP), the milk fat (EE), The content of lactose (WSC). The effects of the two kinds of corn mixed diets on the yield and quality of the milk and the apparent digestibility of the nutrients in the dairy cows were studied in this experiment, and the effects of the dietary and ear-heading corn diets on the production performance and the energy utilization of the dairy cows were compared. And the material circulation and energy flow conditions in the feeding sub-system are clearly defined, and the support is provided for a reasonable straw feeding mode. The feed conversion rate was 2.08%, the milk yield was increased by 15%, the milk protein was increased by 8.16% (P0.05), the milk fat rate was increased by 12.02% (P0.05), and the lactose increased by 2.89% (P0.05). The energy flow in the feeding system was calculated by the "input-output analysis", and the yield ratio of the energy of the dairy cows fed with the corn was 0.55, which was higher than that of the dairy cows fed to the ear-ear corn. In this system, the ecological and economic benefit of the feeding of the corn with the ear of the ear is better than that of the corn for the ear. Therefore, the feeding amount of the corn with the ear of the ear should be appropriately increased instead of the corn of the ear, and the feed technology of the corn with the ear can be vigorously developed. The effects of different straw recycling methods on soil fertility, crop yield and energy efficiency were studied. the soil fertility and the crop yield of the wheat-corn two-cooked farmland ecosystem are analyzed by the three-cycle mode of the farming-pastoral cycle mode of the biogas slurry returning to the field and the farming-pastoral cycle mode of the organic fertilizer returning to the field, The energy value efficiency and the sustainable development ability of the four cycle systems were compared by the energy value method. The total nitrogen and the organic matter content of the four kinds of treatment soil increased, and the increase of the organic fertilizer returned to the field was the most obvious, which increased by 48.24% and 12.38%, respectively. The total nitrogen and organic matter content of the soil showed that the organic fertilizer returned to the field and returned to the field and the biogas slurry returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The yield of the wheat was as follows: the organic fertilizer returned to the field and the straw was crushed and returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The yield of the corn was as follows: the organic fertilizer returned to the field and returned to the field and the biogas slurry returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The net energy yield (EYR) of the four modes was more than 1, and the EYR of the farmland, the agricultural and the agro-pastoral cycle was 1.13 times, 54.22% and 50.2% of the control mode, respectively, and the farmland, The energy-value investment rate (EIR) of the agricultural and pastoral cycle modes is 80.88%, 4.25 and 5.85 times of the control mode, respectively. The environmental loading rate (ELR) of the farmland, the agricultural and pastoral cycle modes is 78.95%, 3.71-fold and 1.76-fold, respectively, and the pressure of the environment is the least. The circulation model of the marsh gas has a great pressure on the environment, and the ELR of the four modes is within the acceptable range. The product safety index (EIPS) of the agro-pastoral cycle model is-0.015, most close to 0, the product safety is the highest, and the product of the control mode has certain potential safety hazard. The sustainable development ability of the farmland circulation mode in the planting mode is superior to that of the control mode, and the farming-pastoral cycle mode in the composite cycle mode is better than the farming-marsh cycle mode. In conclusion, the development potential of the agro-pastoral cycle model is the most suitable for the straw utilization cycle mode in the region.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S181
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前5条
1 杨邦杰;发展以畜牧业为核心的农业循环经济[J];北京观察;2005年04期
2 刘学敏;郝春;安晓s，
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