耕作模式对土壤生物活性与养分有效性及冬小麦产量的影响

发布时间：2019-05-27 11:59

【摘要】：为探讨长期玉米秸秆还田下不同耕作模式对土壤生化性状及冬小麦产量的影响,从2011年10月至2016年6月连续5个冬小麦生长季进行田间定位试验。设4个耕作处理,分别是连续旋耕秸秆不还田(RT)、连续旋耕秸秆还田(RS)、连续深耕秸秆还田(DS)及前2年旋耕秸秆还田第3年深耕秸秆还田(TS)。与RT相比,连续5年秸秆还田显著提高0~10、10~20和20~30 cm土层土壤有机碳、无机氮、速效磷、速效钾含量;土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸还原酶和蔗糖酶活性及土壤微生物多样性分别提高23.1%~59.3%、13.2%~40.7%、14.1%~28.8%、10.9%~19.5%和31.9%~42.5%。秸秆还田使各土层变形菌门、硝化螺旋菌门及放线菌门的相对丰度显著提高,而酸杆菌门相对丰度则显著降低。与DS及TS相比,RS显著提高0~10 cm土层土壤养分状况及生物活性,10~30 cm土层则显著降低。连续旋耕至第3年,无论秸秆还田与否,小麦均表现减产;DS与TS处理则表现持续增产,平均年增产3.2%和3.9%。本研究表明在黄淮海东部地区,秸秆还田条件下,2年旋耕后接1年深耕的耕作模式有助于改善耕层土壤质量和提高冬小麦生产力。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of different farming models on soil biochemical characters and winter wheat yield under long-term corn straw returning to the field, field positioning experiments were carried out for five consecutive winter wheat growing seasons from October 2011 to June 2016. Four tillage treatments were set up, which were continuous rotary ploughing straw return to field (RT), continuous rotary ploughing straw returning (RS), continuous deep ploughing straw returning (DS) and the third year deep ploughing straw returning (TS). In the third year of rotary ploughing straw returning to the field in the first 2 years of rotary ploughing straw and returning straw to the field in the third year. Compared with RT, the contents of organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil layer were significantly increased by 0: 10, 10: 20 and 20: 30 cm soil layer for 5 years in a row, and the contents of organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil layer were significantly increased. Soil urease, protease, nitrate reductase and sucrase activities and soil microbial diversity increased by 23.1% 59.3%, 13.2% 40.7%, 14.1% 28.8%, respectively. 10.9% 鈮，

本文编号：2486129