添加秸秆和硫酸铝对淡黑钙土的培肥改良作用研究
发布时间：2019-05-27 19:15
【摘要】：黑钙土是我国主要的耕地土壤之一。在吉林省黑钙土的类型中,其亚类淡黑钙土和盐碱化黑钙土所占面积最大(分别为44.94%和19.11%),是吉林省主要的中低产土壤。根据吉林省土壤普查结果,淡黑钙土区的耕层土壤质地普遍较轻,土壤砂质过重,粘粒含量少,通透性强,土壤有机质含量低,肥力较低,保肥保水能力较弱,呈弱碱性反映。干旱、肥力贫瘠、管理粗放是淡黑钙土区粮食产量提升的主要障碍因子。本研究目的建立新的、与秸秆还田相配套的淡黑钙土培肥改良技术体系。本研究以吉林省西部地区的淡黑钙土为供试土壤,通过室内恒温培养,研究秸秆和硫酸铝改良剂添加对淡黑钙土的培肥改良作用。主要研究结果概括如下:1.秸秆和硫酸铝改良剂的添加对土壤的有机碳提升具有促进作用。培养135天后,在等量硫酸铝改良剂添加条件下,随着秸秆添加量增加土壤的有机碳含量显著升高;在等量秸秆添加条件下,随着硫酸铝改良剂添加量增加土壤的有机碳含量升高。在本研究的培养条件下,当秸秆添加量≥1.0%时,培养结束后土壤有机碳的含量较供试土壤显著增加。2.培养期间在等量硫酸铝改良剂添加条件下,随着秸秆添加量增加,CO2释放速率以及累积释放量大幅度增加;在等量秸秆添加条件下,培养前期CO2释放速率随着硫酸铝添加量的增加而增加,培养后期CO2释放速率随着硫酸铝添加量的增加而减小。培养结束后,在等量秸秆添加条件下CO2累积释放量随着硫酸改良剂添加量增加而减少。3.秸秆和硫酸铝改良剂的添加能够促使淡黑钙土pH下降。添加硫酸铝改良剂能够减少淡黑钙土中碳酸盐含量,但添加秸秆对土壤碳酸盐含量作用不明显。试验中土壤碳酸盐含量与土壤pH呈正相关关系。4.秸秆和硫酸铝改良剂添加对土壤阳离子交换量提升具有促进作用。在等量秸秆添加条件下,添加硫酸铝改良剂的处理比未添加硫酸铝改良剂处理土壤阳离子交换量高;在等量硫酸铝改良剂添加条件下,随着秸秆添加量增加,土壤中阳离子交换量升高。5.秸秆和硫酸铝添加对土壤胶散复合体总量影响不显著,所有处理复合体含量G1G0G2。添加秸秆有助于提高各组复合体中有机碳含量,同时使G2组复合体含量增加,G0组复合体含量减少。添加硫酸铝在一定程度上提高了G0组复合体有机碳含量,减少了G2组复合体的有机碳含量;但,其有利于G2组复合体形成,不利于G0组复合体的形成。秸秆和硫酸铝的添加对G1组复合体及其含碳量影响不显著。6.秸秆和硫酸铝改良剂的添加,使0.01mm粒级的微团聚体含量减少;0.25mm粒级的微团聚体含量增加;而0.01~0.25mm粒级的微团聚体含量没有显示出特殊规律。
[Abstract]:Black calcium soil is one of the main cultivated land soils in China. Among the types of black calcareous soil in Jilin Province, the subclass light calcareous soil and salinized black calcium soil account for the largest area (44.94% and 19.11%, respectively), which is the main middle and low yield soil in Jilin Province. According to the results of soil survey in Jilin Province, the soil texture of plough layer in light calcareous soil area is generally light, the soil sand is too heavy, the clay content is less, the permeability is strong, the soil organic matter content is low, the fertility is low, the fertilizer retention and water retention ability is weak, showing weak alkaline reflection. Drought, poor fertility and extensive management are the main obstacles to the improvement of grain yield in light calcareous soil area. The purpose of this study was to establish a new technology system for fertilizer improvement of light black calcium soil, which was matched with straw returning to the field. In this study, the effect of straw and aluminum sulfate modifier on the fertilizer improvement of light calcareous soil in the western part of Jilin Province was studied by indoor constant temperature culture. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. The addition of straw and aluminum sulfate improver can promote the increase of soil organic carbon. After 135 days of culture, the content of organic carbon in soil increased significantly with the increase of straw content under the condition of adding the same amount of aluminum sulfate modifier. Under the condition of equal amount of straw, the organic carbon content of soil increased with the addition of aluminum sulfate modifier. Under the culture conditions of this study, when the amount of straw added 鈮，
本文编号：2486416
[Abstract]:Black calcium soil is one of the main cultivated land soils in China. Among the types of black calcareous soil in Jilin Province, the subclass light calcareous soil and salinized black calcium soil account for the largest area (44.94% and 19.11%, respectively), which is the main middle and low yield soil in Jilin Province. According to the results of soil survey in Jilin Province, the soil texture of plough layer in light calcareous soil area is generally light, the soil sand is too heavy, the clay content is less, the permeability is strong, the soil organic matter content is low, the fertility is low, the fertilizer retention and water retention ability is weak, showing weak alkaline reflection. Drought, poor fertility and extensive management are the main obstacles to the improvement of grain yield in light calcareous soil area. The purpose of this study was to establish a new technology system for fertilizer improvement of light black calcium soil, which was matched with straw returning to the field. In this study, the effect of straw and aluminum sulfate modifier on the fertilizer improvement of light calcareous soil in the western part of Jilin Province was studied by indoor constant temperature culture. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. The addition of straw and aluminum sulfate improver can promote the increase of soil organic carbon. After 135 days of culture, the content of organic carbon in soil increased significantly with the increase of straw content under the condition of adding the same amount of aluminum sulfate modifier. Under the condition of equal amount of straw, the organic carbon content of soil increased with the addition of aluminum sulfate modifier. Under the culture conditions of this study, when the amount of straw added 鈮，
本文编号：2486416
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