西花蓟马生长发育和繁殖力与食物及生殖方式的相关性
发布时间：2019-06-02 21:55
【摘要】：西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是当今对作物危害最严重的世界性害虫之一。具有个体小,隐藏性强,食性杂,且有两性生殖和孤雌生殖两种生殖方式,繁殖能力强等生物学特性,除直接以锉吸式口器取食植物外还能传播凤仙坏死斑点病毒和番茄斑点萎焉病毒等多种病毒。本文研究了延迟交配、生物源杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素和印楝素亚致死浓度、温度和花粉对其成虫寿命、繁殖力及生长发育的影响,同时探讨了西花蓟马在不同生殖方式下其繁殖力的异同。通过本文研究,以期为西花蓟马的种群动态预测预报和综合防治提供一些基础数据。本文主要研究结果如下:1.延迟交配对西花蓟马成虫寿命及繁殖力的影响本文研究了延迟交配对西花蓟马雌雄成虫寿命、产卵量及子代性比的影响。结果表明西花蓟马在羽化0 h、24 h、48 h、96 h后交配其雌、雄成虫的寿命均不受延迟交配时间的影响,而产卵量与交配时间有关,延迟交配24 h和48 h的产卵量高于0 h和96 h的,子代性比随延迟交配时间的延长呈先升后降的趋势,以羽化24 h最高,为2.54:1,产卵前期随着延迟交配时间的推迟逐渐延长。2.二种生物源杀虫剂处理食物对西花蓟马生长发育及繁殖的亚致死效应采用浸叶法确定了乙基多杀菌素和印楝素对西花蓟马二龄若虫的亚致死浓度(LC25),并研究了该浓度下二种生物源农药对西花蓟马生长发育和繁殖力的影响。结果表明:二种生物源农药亚致死浓度处理对西花蓟马有不同程度的影响,在两性生殖方式下,乙基多杀菌素对西花蓟马产卵前期、雌成虫寿命和产卵量均无显著影响,但雄成虫寿命显著缩短,缩短了4.41 d;印楝素处理后,西花蓟马产卵量显著降低,降低了21.86%,产卵前期明显延长,延长了1.27 d。在孤雌生殖方式下,不论乙基多杀菌素和印楝素处理,西花蓟马产卵前期均明显延长,分别为2.60 d和2.95 d,但只有印楝素使雌成虫寿命缩短了19.30%和产卵量显著降低,为24.65粒。二种生物源农药对西花蓟马次代各虫态的发育历期影响不同,无论在何种生殖方式下,乙基多杀菌素处理后西花蓟马的未成熟期明显短于印楝素处理的。乙基多杀菌素处理后西花蓟马的内禀增长率(rm)、和周限增长率(λ)均高于对照,分别为0.1402、1.1505,而印楝素较对照低,分别为0.1131、1.1197。以上结果说明,乙基多杀菌素和印楝素对西花蓟马生长发育和繁殖影响与其生殖方式有关,总体来说乙基多杀菌素亚致死浓度对西花蓟马种群的增长有一定的刺激作用,印楝素则具有一定的抑制作用。3.温度对西花蓟马成虫寿命及繁殖力的影响在19~31℃温度梯度处理下,在两性生殖方式下,雄成虫寿命随着温度的升高明显缩短,分别为14.70d、9.61d和8.11d,子代性比显著增大,为0.94:1、1.57:1和2.25:1(雌:雄),25℃时产卵量最高,为93.22粒。在孤雌生殖方式下,31℃时产卵量最高,为76.10粒。无论在何种生殖方式下,产卵前期、雌虫寿命均以25℃时最短,在两性生殖方式下分别为1.47d和5.68d,在孤雌生殖方式下分别为1.95d、14.73d。西花蓟马子代的未成熟期随着温度的升高明显缩短。内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)随着温度的升高而升高,内禀增长率(rm)分别为0.0906、0.1800和0.1901,周限增长率(λ)分别为1.0948、1.1972和1.2094;而平均世代周期和种群加倍时间随温度上升则降低。以上结果说明温度对西花蓟马繁殖力和生长发育产生了显著的影响。4.不同生殖方式下的雄性对西花蓟马成虫寿命及繁殖力的影响本文研究了西花蓟马两性生殖方式下的雌成虫分别与两性生殖和孤雌生殖两种生殖方式下产生的雄成虫交配后对成虫寿命及繁殖力的影响。结果表明两性生殖方式下f1雌与两性生殖方式f1雄交配后的产卵量为72.4粒,明显高于两性f1雌×孤雌f1雄处理;但不同来源的雄虫对其后代发育历期均没有显著影响;两性生殖f1雌×孤雌生殖f1雄处理子代性比明显高于两性生殖方式下f1雌×f1雄处理,为1.41:1(雌:雄)。对内禀增长力率(rm)在两种雄性来源下没有明显的差异。以上结果说明不同生殖方式下的雄虫对西花蓟马的种群增长影响不大。5.不同嗜好性花粉对西花蓟马成虫寿命及繁殖力的影响本文研究了在菜豆叶片上添加松花粉和油菜花粉后,西花蓟马成虫寿命及繁殖力的异同。结果表明,在两性生殖方式下在菜豆叶片上添加松花粉和油菜花粉后,对西花蓟马的产卵前期、雄成虫寿命没有显著影响,添加松花粉雌成虫寿命和对照相比明显缩短,为15.68d,产卵量显著增加,为93.22粒;两种花粉子代性比均高于对照,分别为1.57:1和2.53:1。在孤雌生殖方式下添加油菜花粉产卵前期较对照显著延长,延长了2.7d,成虫寿命和产卵量较对照没有显著差异。无论在何种生殖方式下添加油菜花粉西花蓟马未成熟期均显著延长,说明油菜花粉延迟了西花蓟马若虫发育。取食两种花粉净增值率(r0)、内禀增长率(rm)、周限增长率(λ)均高于对照,取食油菜花粉分别为36.7987、0.1604和1.1740,松花粉分别为47.2246、0.1855和0.1208,平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(t)明显缩短,取食油菜花粉分别为22.4771和4.3214,取食松花粉分别为20.7759和3.7366。说明添加松花粉和油菜花粉西花蓟马的种群数量相比对照具有不同程度的上升,尤其是松花粉对西花蓟马的促进作用明显。
[Abstract]:Perfume is one of the world's most serious worldwide pests. The invention has the biological characteristics of small individual, strong hiding property and edible impurity, and has the following biological characteristics of both hermaphroditism and parthenogenesis, strong reproductive capacity, and the like, and can also transmit various viruses such as Impatiens necrotic spot virus and tomato spot betel virus in addition to the feeding of the plant directly by the suction type mouth device. In this paper, the effects of delayed mating, biogenic insecticide on the life, fecundity and growth of the adult, and the difference of their reproductive capacity in different reproductive ways were also discussed. This paper studies to provide some basic data for the prediction of the population dynamics and the comprehensive prevention and control of the West-flower-bearing horse. The main results of this study are as follows:1. The effects of delayed mating on the life and fecundity of male and female adult male and female adults were studied in this paper. The results showed that the life of the female and male adults was not affected by the delayed mating time after the emergence of 0 h,24 h,48 h and 96 h, and the oviposition was related to the mating time, and the oviposition of the delayed mating 24 h and 48 h was higher than that of 0 h and 96 h. The offspring sex ratio decreased with the extension of the delayed mating time, with the highest emergence of 24 h, 2.54:1, and the delayed mating time was gradually prolonged in the early stage. The sublethal effect of the two kinds of biogenic insecticides on the growth and the propagation of the West-flower and the horse was determined by the method of leaf-dipping, and the sublethal concentration (LC25) of the two-instar-old rotifers was determined by the method of leaf-dipping. The effects of two kinds of bio-source pesticides on the growth and propagation of Cymbidium sibirica were also studied. The results showed that the sub-lethal concentration of the two kinds of biogenic pesticides had a different effect on the Western flower and the horse, and the life and the oviposition of the female adults had no significant effect on the preoviposition of the female adult, the life of the female and the amount of the oviposition, but the life of the male adult was significantly shortened. After the treatment, the oviposition of the western flower and the horse was significantly reduced, 21.86% was decreased, and the preoviposition was obviously prolonged and 1.27 d was prolonged. Under the condition of parthenogenesis, the oviposition of the western flower and the horse was obviously prolonged, 2.60 d and 2.95 d, respectively, the life of female adult was shortened by 19.30% and the amount of laying eggs was significantly reduced to 24.65 grains. The effects of the two kinds of biogenic pesticides on the developmental period of the three generations of the Cymbidium sibirica were different, no matter what kind of reproduction mode, the non-mature period of the western flower and the horse was obviously shorter than that of the printing. The intrinsic growth rate (rm) and the peripheral growth rate (%) were higher than that in the control group (0.1402, 1.1505, respectively). The results indicated that the effects of ethyl polybactericidal and imprintin on the growth and reproduction of the Western flower and the horse population were related to their reproductive mode. The effects of temperature on the life and fecundity of the adult male and female adults were under the temperature gradient of 19-31 鈩，
本文编号：2491444
[Abstract]:Perfume is one of the world's most serious worldwide pests. The invention has the biological characteristics of small individual, strong hiding property and edible impurity, and has the following biological characteristics of both hermaphroditism and parthenogenesis, strong reproductive capacity, and the like, and can also transmit various viruses such as Impatiens necrotic spot virus and tomato spot betel virus in addition to the feeding of the plant directly by the suction type mouth device. In this paper, the effects of delayed mating, biogenic insecticide on the life, fecundity and growth of the adult, and the difference of their reproductive capacity in different reproductive ways were also discussed. This paper studies to provide some basic data for the prediction of the population dynamics and the comprehensive prevention and control of the West-flower-bearing horse. The main results of this study are as follows:1. The effects of delayed mating on the life and fecundity of male and female adult male and female adults were studied in this paper. The results showed that the life of the female and male adults was not affected by the delayed mating time after the emergence of 0 h,24 h,48 h and 96 h, and the oviposition was related to the mating time, and the oviposition of the delayed mating 24 h and 48 h was higher than that of 0 h and 96 h. The offspring sex ratio decreased with the extension of the delayed mating time, with the highest emergence of 24 h, 2.54:1, and the delayed mating time was gradually prolonged in the early stage. The sublethal effect of the two kinds of biogenic insecticides on the growth and the propagation of the West-flower and the horse was determined by the method of leaf-dipping, and the sublethal concentration (LC25) of the two-instar-old rotifers was determined by the method of leaf-dipping. The effects of two kinds of bio-source pesticides on the growth and propagation of Cymbidium sibirica were also studied. The results showed that the sub-lethal concentration of the two kinds of biogenic pesticides had a different effect on the Western flower and the horse, and the life and the oviposition of the female adults had no significant effect on the preoviposition of the female adult, the life of the female and the amount of the oviposition, but the life of the male adult was significantly shortened. After the treatment, the oviposition of the western flower and the horse was significantly reduced, 21.86% was decreased, and the preoviposition was obviously prolonged and 1.27 d was prolonged. Under the condition of parthenogenesis, the oviposition of the western flower and the horse was obviously prolonged, 2.60 d and 2.95 d, respectively, the life of female adult was shortened by 19.30% and the amount of laying eggs was significantly reduced to 24.65 grains. The effects of the two kinds of biogenic pesticides on the developmental period of the three generations of the Cymbidium sibirica were different, no matter what kind of reproduction mode, the non-mature period of the western flower and the horse was obviously shorter than that of the printing. The intrinsic growth rate (rm) and the peripheral growth rate (%) were higher than that in the control group (0.1402, 1.1505, respectively). The results indicated that the effects of ethyl polybactericidal and imprintin on the growth and reproduction of the Western flower and the horse population were related to their reproductive mode. The effects of temperature on the life and fecundity of the adult male and female adults were under the temperature gradient of 19-31 鈩，
本文编号：2491444
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