农业措施对玉米季坡耕地水沙过程的调控效应
发布时间：2019-06-03 20:07
【摘要】：为明确侵蚀性降雨条件下不同农业措施对玉米季坡耕地水沙过程的影响及减沙效应,通过自然降雨条件下径流小区观测试验,研究顺坡耕作(CK)、横坡垄作(CT)、横坡垄作+秸秆覆盖(CT+SM)、横坡垄作+地膜覆盖(CT+PM)、横坡垄作+有机质输入(CT+OM)5种农业措施对紫色土玉米季坡耕地径流深、径流系数、径流曲线数、产沙量、土壤可蚀性指标的综合影响。结果表明,历次降雨事件CK径流系数变幅为18.89%~32.23%,CT+OM和CT+PM显著削减了径流量和产沙量,径流量较CK减少15%~35%、泥沙量减少12%~75%。土壤可蚀性指标随降雨量和径流量增加均呈增加趋势,但增加幅度随着降雨量或径流量的增加而减小;土壤可蚀性与地表径流量之间呈幂函数递增关系,确定系数R2为0.70~0.87(p0.05);土壤可蚀性与降雨量呈对数曲线关系,R2为0.85~0.91(p0.05)。历次降雨横坡各处理土壤可蚀性指标(Kw)显著低于顺坡垄作,CT和CT+OM的Kw均值分别为0.025kg·m~(-2)·mm~(-1)和0.023 kg·m~(-2)·mm~(-1),与CK相比平均分别减小17%和24%;CT+PM和CT+SM的Kw值最小,均值分别为0.021 kg·m~(-2)·mm~(-1)和0.018 kg·m~(-2)·mm~(-1),与CK相比分别减小29%和38%。综上,横坡垄作增加地膜覆盖或秸秆覆盖是控制紫色土玉米季坡耕地地表径流、降低土壤可蚀性的有效措施。本研究为控制紫色土玉米季坡耕地水土流失、削减农业面源污染负荷提供了理论依据。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the effects of different agricultural measures on the process of water and sediment reduction in corn seasonal sloping farmland under erosive rainfall conditions, (CT), was studied by observing runoff plot under the condition of natural rainfall. (CT), on horizontal slope of slope tillage was studied by means of observation experiment of runoff plot under the condition of natural rainfall. Cross slope ridge mulching straw mulching (CT SM), horizontal slope ridge mulching plastic film mulching (CT PM), horizontal slope ridge cultivation organic matter input (CT OM) five agricultural measures on purple soil corn season slope cultivated land runoff depth, runoff coefficient, runoff curve number, sediment yield, Comprehensive effect of soil erodibility index. The results show that the variation of CK runoff coefficient is 18.89% and 32.23%, and the runoff and sediment yield are significantly reduced by CT OM and CT PM. Compared with CK, the runoff is reduced by 15% and 35%, and the sediment volume is reduced by 12% and 75%. The soil erodibility index increased with the increase of rainfall and runoff, but decreased with the increase of rainfall or runoff. There was a power function increasing relationship between soil erodibility and surface runoff, and the coefficient R2 was 0.70 鈮，
本文编号：2492193
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the effects of different agricultural measures on the process of water and sediment reduction in corn seasonal sloping farmland under erosive rainfall conditions, (CT), was studied by observing runoff plot under the condition of natural rainfall. (CT), on horizontal slope of slope tillage was studied by means of observation experiment of runoff plot under the condition of natural rainfall. Cross slope ridge mulching straw mulching (CT SM), horizontal slope ridge mulching plastic film mulching (CT PM), horizontal slope ridge cultivation organic matter input (CT OM) five agricultural measures on purple soil corn season slope cultivated land runoff depth, runoff coefficient, runoff curve number, sediment yield, Comprehensive effect of soil erodibility index. The results show that the variation of CK runoff coefficient is 18.89% and 32.23%, and the runoff and sediment yield are significantly reduced by CT OM and CT PM. Compared with CK, the runoff is reduced by 15% and 35%, and the sediment volume is reduced by 12% and 75%. The soil erodibility index increased with the increase of rainfall and runoff, but decreased with the increase of rainfall or runoff. There was a power function increasing relationship between soil erodibility and surface runoff, and the coefficient R2 was 0.70 鈮，
本文编号：2492193
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