腐植酸促进植物生长的机理研究进展

发布时间：2019-06-08 17:12

【摘要】：【目的】腐植酸在我国农业生产中发挥了重要作用,许多研究证实,腐植酸具有促进植物生长的功能,本文从腐植酸刺激植物根系生长、调控土壤与肥料养分转化及肥料利用率和影响土壤微生物和酶活性方面,系统总结了国内外施用腐植酸促进植物生长的途径,阐述了腐植酸对植物生长促进作用的机理,旨在梳理腐植酸促进植物生长机理的研究现状,为腐植酸的进一步研究和应用提供参考依据。【主要进展】1)腐植酸能够对植物产生类似生物刺激素的效应。它能够提高植物根系H+-ATP酶等的活性、刺激植物根伸长和侧根生长点的增加,从而增加根系活力及植物根系与土壤养分的接触面积,增加植物对养分的吸收;2)逆境胁迫下,腐植酸能够通过调节植物体内的新陈代谢并改善植物生长环境,缓解甚至消除逆境胁迫对植物的伤害,从而促进植物生长;3)腐植酸能够通过与氮素、磷素和钾素发生结合效应,与磷酸盐产生竞争效应和对钾离子的吸附作用固持与活化土壤与肥料中的养分,提高土壤肥料有效性和缓释性能,提高肥料利用率,从而促进植物生长;4)腐植酸还能够影响土壤中与养分转化相关的酶活性和微生物群落结构及数量,在活化养分的同时,保蓄养分,降低养分的损失,为植物生长保障持久的养分供应;5)腐植酸对植物生长的促进效应受腐植酸结构特征、添加量和供试植物种类等因素的影响。【建议与展望】由于技术手段的限制和研究技术的差异,人们对腐植酸促进植物生长机理的认识还不够系统和深入,因此,腐植酸的基本特征、影响腐植酸作用的主控因子、土壤植物系统中腐植酸促进植物生长的主要途径和腐植酸对土壤功能性微生物等的影响都将成为未来研究的重要方向。
[Abstract]:[objective] Humic acid plays an important role in agricultural production in China. Many studies have confirmed that humic acid has the function of promoting plant growth. In this paper, humic acid stimulates plant root growth. The ways of promoting plant growth by applying humic acid at home and abroad were systematically summarized, and the mechanism of promoting plant growth by humic acid was expounded in the aspects of regulating nutrient transformation of soil and fertilizer, fertilizer utilization ratio and affecting soil microorganism and enzyme activity. The purpose of this paper is to sort out the research status of the mechanism of humic acid promoting plant growth and to provide a reference for the further study and application of humic acid. [main progress] 1) Humic acid can produce similar effects on plants. It can increase the activity of H-ATP enzyme in plant roots, stimulate the extension of plant roots and the increase of lateral root growth points, thus increasing the root activity and the contact area between plant roots and soil nutrients, and increasing the absorption of nutrients by plants. 2) under stress, humic acid can promote plant growth by regulating metabolism and improving plant growth environment, alleviating or even eliminating the damage of stress to plants. 3) Humic acid can improve the availability and slow release performance of soil fertilizer by binding effect with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, competitive effect with phosphate and adsorption of potassium ion to hold and activate nutrients in soil and fertilizer. Improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, so as to promote the growth of plants; 4) Humic acid can also affect the enzyme activity and microbial community structure and quantity related to nutrient transformation in soil. While activating nutrients, saving nutrients, reducing the loss of nutrients, and ensuring a lasting nutrient supply for plant growth, humic acid can also affect the enzyme activity and microbial community structure and quantity related to nutrient transformation in soil. 5) the promoting effect of humic acid on plant growth is affected by the structural characteristics of humic acid, the amount of humic acid and the species of tested plants. [suggestion and prospect] due to the limitation of technical means and the difference of research technology, People's understanding of the mechanism of humic acid promoting plant growth is not systematic and deep enough. Therefore, the basic characteristics of humic acid affect the main control factors of humic acid. The main ways of promoting plant growth by humic acid in soil plant system and the effect of humic acid on soil functional microorganisms will become an important research direction in the future.
【作者单位】：农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;中国农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200402) 国家自然科学基金项目(31601827) 中央级公益性科研院所专项资金项目(IARRP-2014-5)资助
【分类号】：S141

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