临安市太湖源镇雷竹林土壤养分现状与管理对策

发布时间：2019-06-10 10:43

【摘要】：测土配方施肥是科学施肥体系的核心技术,该技术的推广应用可以改良土壤、培肥地力、减少面源污染、保护农业环境,实现节本增效。雷竹(Phyllostachy praecox f.prevernalis)是重要的笋用竹种,原产于浙江临安、余杭、德清,人工经营过程中的盲目施肥,造成林地土壤退化,竹林衰败等现象,因此开展雷竹测土配方施肥技术研究及推广显得尤为重要。本研究采集了临安市太湖源镇雷竹林土壤样品239个,测定了土壤有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾、pH值等5个指标,应用单一指标法和线性平均法对其肥力进行分级。结果表明,太湖源镇雷竹林地土壤综合肥力一、二、三、四等级分别占9%、22%、30%和39%;土壤障碍因素主要表现为土壤酸化、氮磷钾养分超负荷累积及养分不平衡。采用问卷调查法(有效问卷257份)研究了农户对测土配方施肥技术的认知、需求情况。结果表明,89.1%的农户了解雷竹测土配方施肥技术,其中60.7%通过政府宣传渠道获知;52.8%的农户认为多学一门技术有好处。今后在雷竹林地管理中需大力推广应用测土配方施肥技术,主要措施包括施用生石灰以减轻土壤酸化,施用雷竹专用肥并控制肥料用量,少施或不施磷肥;加土改造,合理覆盖和母竹留养等农艺措施。在技术的推广过程中需加强宣传,完善镇、村二级农技推广网络,建立检查督促制度,争取各方财政资金投入等政策措施。
[Abstract]:Soil testing and formula fertilizer is the core technology of scientific fertilizer system. The popularization and application of this technology can improve soil, cultivate soil fertility, reduce non-point source pollution, protect agricultural environment, and achieve cost saving and efficiency. (Phyllostachy praecox f.prevernalis (Phyllostachys pubescens) is an important bamboo species, originated in Linan, Yuhang, Deqing, Zhejiang Province, resulting in forest land soil degradation, bamboo forest decline and other phenomena. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out the research and popularization of soil testing and formula fertilizer technology of Phyllostachys pubescens. In this study, 239 soil samples of Phyllostachys pubescens forest in Taihuyuan Town, Linan City were collected. Five indexes, such as soil organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH value, were determined and their fertility was graded by single index method and linear average method. The results showed that the soil comprehensive fertility of Phyllostachys pubescens forest in Taihuyuan Town accounted for 9%, 22%, 30% and 39%, respectively, and the main soil obstacle factors were soil acidizing, accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients overload and nutrient imbalance. A questionnaire survey (257 valid questionnaires) was used to study the cognition and demand of farmers on soil testing and formula fertilizer technology. The results showed that 89.1% of the farmers knew about the soil testing and formula fertilizer technology of Phyllostachys pubescens, of which 60.7% were learned through the government propaganda channel, and 52.8% of the farmers thought it would be beneficial to learn one more technology. In the future, it is necessary to popularize and apply soil testing formula fertilizer technology in land management of Phyllostachys pubescens forest. The main measures include the application of quicklime to reduce soil acidizing, the application of special fertilizer for Phyllostachys pubescens and the control of fertilizer dosage, and the application of less or no phosphate fertilizer. Agronomical measures such as soil addition, reasonable mulching and keeping of mother bamboo. In the process of technology popularization, it is necessary to strengthen propaganda, perfect the secondary agricultural technology extension network of town and village, establish the inspection and supervision system, and strive for the input of financial funds from all parties.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S795;S714.8

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