零价铁—厌氧污泥联合体系处理猪场废水的研究
发布时间：2019-06-13 19:26
【摘要】：近年来,随着我国规模化养猪业的加速发展,由猪场产生的粪尿等污染物对周边的生态环境产生了巨大影响。厌氧生物技术以其有效、可靠、经济等优势广泛应用于现行的猪场废水处理,但运行过程中存在处理效果不稳定、出水COD和氮磷浓度偏高、甲烷产量不高等问题。零价铁(ZVI)作为一种还原性强且廉价的材料,被证明可在厌氧环境中为微生物提供电子,改善厌氧反应环境,从而促进氯代有机物、硝基化合物和偶氮染料等有机物的生物降解。因此,本文采用ZVI-厌氧污泥联合体系来处理猪场废水,以添加零价铁的方式提高猪场废水厌氧处理段的有机物去除效果和甲烷产量,这对于探索新型猪场废水处理技术,具有重要的理论意义。本论文的主要研究成果如下：1、利用批次实验,探究了投加铁的种类、初始pH值、铁投加量等因素对ZVI-厌氧污泥联合体系处理效果的影响。结果表明：铁粉和铁屑这两种类型ZVI投加可分别使厌氧体系的COD去除率提高8.63%和4.32%?去除速率提高32.47%和20.98%,以及最终的甲烷产量提高24.39%和13.04%,且铁粉的强化效果优于铁屑。pH研究表明,当初始pH值从5升高到8时,联合体系的COD去除率和去除速率分别从76.83%和14.52 mgCOD/(gVSS·h)升高到83.45%和18.54mgCOD/(gVSS·h).但在初始pH值为6时,ZVI投加对COD去除速率的提高幅度最大。铁投加量的研究表明,当铁和污泥的质量比从0升高到2.63时,体系中的COD去除率和去除速率分别从75.14%和14.20 mgCOD/(gVSS·h)升高到90.64%和19.81 mgCOD/(gVSS·h),甲烷产量也从3.02 mmol升高到6.07 mmol。但铁泥比进一步提高到5.26时,联合体系的处理性能出现下降。在该铁投加量下,微生物细胞出现破损,代谢活性降低。在铁的强化效益方面,铁泥比为0.74时,单位质量铁对COD去除速率以及甲烷生成的贡献率都为最大。故兼顾效率性和经济性,联合体系的铁泥比范围在0.74～2.63之间较为适宜。2、利用连续流实验,探究了ZVI-UASB联合体系的运行性能。以不加ZVI的普通UASB反应器为对照,比较了ZVI-UASB反应器对猪场废水的处理效果、反应器中颗粒污泥的理化特征以及ZVI的形态变化。结果表明：与对照组相比,在负荷为20g/L·d-1时,ZVI添加使反应器的COD去除率、磷酸盐去除率以及容积产气率分别提高了8.5%、27.8%和50%,增强了反应器抵抗负荷冲击和进水pH值波动的能力。此外,ZVI的添加使污泥中总胞外多聚物的含量提高了53.24%,其中蛋白质含量的增加幅度大于多糖。和对照组的颗粒污泥相比,ZVI-厌氧颗粒污泥中菌体问的黏连性更好,污泥颗粒结构更紧凑,产甲烷活性提高了44%。随着反应器的运行,ZVI会发生缓慢的腐蚀溶出Fe2+,且出水Fe2+浓度从最初的9.02 mg/L逐渐减小至4.51 mg/L。此外,一些ZVI会被污泥包裹,参与污泥颗粒化过程；一些ZVI表面反应生成了Fe3(PO4)2和Fe304。3、利用qPCR及高通量测序技术,探究了ZVI添加对厌氧反应系统微生物群落的影响。结果表明ZVI-UASB反应器中,与产甲烷相关的mcrA基因丰度为对照组(不添加ZVI)的1.36倍,ZVI的添加增强了反应器的产甲烷能力。高通量测序结果显示,古菌方面,ZVI的添加使反应器中的甲烷毛状菌属(Methanosaeta)和甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)的丰度显著提高,而Miscellaneous_Euryarchaeotic_Group (MEG)和Euryarchaeota_ unclassified等菌群的丰度降低。细菌方面,ZVI添加使互营单胞菌属(Syntrophomonas)、互营菌属(Syntrophus)、Pelotomaculum等互营代谢菌群以及梭菌属(Clostridium)、胃瘤球菌属(Ruminococcus)和密螺旋体属(Treponema)等同型产乙酸菌的丰度提高,而VC2.1_Bac22_norank、Lutispora、Bacteriovoracaceae_uncultured等菌群的丰度有所减小。这表明ZVI的添加对微生物菌群具有选择性影响,可以定向的富集特定微生物使其成为优势种群。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the large-scale pig-raising industry in our country, the pollution of the pig manure and the like generated by the pig farm has a great influence on the environment of the surrounding environment. The anaerobic biological technology is widely used in the existing pig farm wastewater treatment with its effective, reliable and economic advantages, but the treatment effect is not stable during the operation, the effluent COD and the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration are high, and the methane yield is not high. Zero-valent iron (ZVI), as a kind of reduced and cheap material, has been shown to provide electrons to the microorganisms in the anaerobic environment to improve the anaerobic reaction environment, thus promoting the biodegradation of organic compounds such as chlorinated organic compounds, nitro compounds and azo dyes. Therefore, the ZVI-anaerobic sludge combined system is used to treat the pig farm wastewater, so as to increase the organic matter removal effect and the methane yield in the anaerobic treatment section of the pig farm wastewater by adding the zero-valent iron, which is of great theoretical significance for exploring the new pig farm wastewater treatment technology. The main research results of this paper are as follows:1. The influence of the kinds of iron, the initial pH value and the iron dosage on the treatment effect of the ZVI-anaerobic sludge combined system is investigated by using the batch experiment. The results show that the removal rate of COD in the anaerobic system can be increased by 8.63% and 4.32%, respectively. The removal rate increased by 32.47% and 20.98%, and the final methane yield increased by 24.39% and 13.04%, and the strengthening effect of iron powder was better than that of the scrap iron. The results showed that when the initial pH value increased from 5 to 8, the COD removal rate and removal rate of the combined system increased from 76.83% and 14.52 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h) to 83.45% and 18.54 mg COD/ (gVSS. h), respectively. However, when the initial pH value is 6, the increase of the removal rate of COD is the most. The study of iron dosage showed that when the mass ratio of iron and sludge increased from 0 to 2.63, the removal rate and removal rate of COD in the system increased from 75.14% and 14.20 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h) to 90.64% and 19.81 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h), respectively, and the yield of methane also increased from 3.02 mmol to 6.07 mmol. However, when the ratio of the iron-to-mud ratio is further increased to 5.26, the treatment performance of the combined system is decreased. Under the dosage of iron, the microbial cells were damaged and the metabolic activity decreased. In the aspect of iron strengthening, the ratio of iron to COD removal rate and the contribution rate of methane generation is the largest in the iron-mud ratio of 0.74. Therefore, the efficiency and economy of the combined system are more suitable than the range of 0.74-2.63, and the running performance of the ZVI-UASB combined system is explored by continuous flow experiment. The treatment effect of ZVI-UASB reactor on the wastewater of the pig farm was compared with the general UASB reactor without the ZVI, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the granular sludge in the reactor and the change of the morphology of the ZVI were compared. The results showed that, when the load was 20 g/ L 路 d-1, the removal rate of COD, the removal rate of phosphate and the gas yield of the reactor were increased by 8.5%, 27.8% and 50%, respectively, and the ability of the reactor to resist the load and the fluctuation of the pH value of the influent was enhanced. In addition, the addition of ZVI increased the total extracellular polymer content of the sludge by 53.24%, and the increase of protein content was higher than that of the polysaccharide. Compared with the granular sludge in the control group, the slime in the ZVI-anaerobic granular sludge is better in adhesion, the structure of the sludge granules is more compact, and the methane production activity is increased by 44%. With the operation of the reactor, the ZVI has a slow corrosion and dissolution of Fe2 +, and the Fe2 + concentration of the effluent gradually decreases from the original 9.02 mg/ L to 4.51 mg/ L. In addition, some ZVI can be wrapped by the sludge and participate in the sludge granulation process; some of the ZVI surface reactions generate Fe3 (PO4)2 and Fe304.3, and the effects of the addition of ZVI on the microbial community of the anaerobic reaction system are explored by using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that, in the ZVI-UASB reactor, the mcrA gene abundance associated with methane production is 1.36 times that of the control group (without the addition of ZVI), and the addition of the ZVI enhances the methane production capacity of the reactor. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the addition of ZVI increased the abundance of Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium in the reactor, while the abundance of the species in Miscellaneous _ Euryarchaeitic _ Group (MEG) and Euryarchaeita _ unclassified group was reduced. In the aspect of bacteria, the addition of ZVI increases the abundance of the metacolymonas, Syntrophos, Peltoomaculum, and the C. clostrium, the genus Ruminococcus and Treponema, while V2.1 _ Bac22 _ norank, Lutispora, There was a decrease in the abundance of the species of bacteria, such as Bacterororaceae _ unctuured. This indicates that the addition of ZVI has a selective effect on the microbial flora, and can be directed to enrich the specific microorganism to make it a dominant species.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X713
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the large-scale pig-raising industry in our country, the pollution of the pig manure and the like generated by the pig farm has a great influence on the environment of the surrounding environment. The anaerobic biological technology is widely used in the existing pig farm wastewater treatment with its effective, reliable and economic advantages, but the treatment effect is not stable during the operation, the effluent COD and the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration are high, and the methane yield is not high. Zero-valent iron (ZVI), as a kind of reduced and cheap material, has been shown to provide electrons to the microorganisms in the anaerobic environment to improve the anaerobic reaction environment, thus promoting the biodegradation of organic compounds such as chlorinated organic compounds, nitro compounds and azo dyes. Therefore, the ZVI-anaerobic sludge combined system is used to treat the pig farm wastewater, so as to increase the organic matter removal effect and the methane yield in the anaerobic treatment section of the pig farm wastewater by adding the zero-valent iron, which is of great theoretical significance for exploring the new pig farm wastewater treatment technology. The main research results of this paper are as follows:1. The influence of the kinds of iron, the initial pH value and the iron dosage on the treatment effect of the ZVI-anaerobic sludge combined system is investigated by using the batch experiment. The results show that the removal rate of COD in the anaerobic system can be increased by 8.63% and 4.32%, respectively. The removal rate increased by 32.47% and 20.98%, and the final methane yield increased by 24.39% and 13.04%, and the strengthening effect of iron powder was better than that of the scrap iron. The results showed that when the initial pH value increased from 5 to 8, the COD removal rate and removal rate of the combined system increased from 76.83% and 14.52 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h) to 83.45% and 18.54 mg COD/ (gVSS. h), respectively. However, when the initial pH value is 6, the increase of the removal rate of COD is the most. The study of iron dosage showed that when the mass ratio of iron and sludge increased from 0 to 2.63, the removal rate and removal rate of COD in the system increased from 75.14% and 14.20 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h) to 90.64% and 19.81 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h), respectively, and the yield of methane also increased from 3.02 mmol to 6.07 mmol. However, when the ratio of the iron-to-mud ratio is further increased to 5.26, the treatment performance of the combined system is decreased. Under the dosage of iron, the microbial cells were damaged and the metabolic activity decreased. In the aspect of iron strengthening, the ratio of iron to COD removal rate and the contribution rate of methane generation is the largest in the iron-mud ratio of 0.74. Therefore, the efficiency and economy of the combined system are more suitable than the range of 0.74-2.63, and the running performance of the ZVI-UASB combined system is explored by continuous flow experiment. The treatment effect of ZVI-UASB reactor on the wastewater of the pig farm was compared with the general UASB reactor without the ZVI, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the granular sludge in the reactor and the change of the morphology of the ZVI were compared. The results showed that, when the load was 20 g/ L 路 d-1, the removal rate of COD, the removal rate of phosphate and the gas yield of the reactor were increased by 8.5%, 27.8% and 50%, respectively, and the ability of the reactor to resist the load and the fluctuation of the pH value of the influent was enhanced. In addition, the addition of ZVI increased the total extracellular polymer content of the sludge by 53.24%, and the increase of protein content was higher than that of the polysaccharide. Compared with the granular sludge in the control group, the slime in the ZVI-anaerobic granular sludge is better in adhesion, the structure of the sludge granules is more compact, and the methane production activity is increased by 44%. With the operation of the reactor, the ZVI has a slow corrosion and dissolution of Fe2 +, and the Fe2 + concentration of the effluent gradually decreases from the original 9.02 mg/ L to 4.51 mg/ L. In addition, some ZVI can be wrapped by the sludge and participate in the sludge granulation process; some of the ZVI surface reactions generate Fe3 (PO4)2 and Fe304.3, and the effects of the addition of ZVI on the microbial community of the anaerobic reaction system are explored by using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that, in the ZVI-UASB reactor, the mcrA gene abundance associated with methane production is 1.36 times that of the control group (without the addition of ZVI), and the addition of the ZVI enhances the methane production capacity of the reactor. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the addition of ZVI increased the abundance of Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium in the reactor, while the abundance of the species in Miscellaneous _ Euryarchaeitic _ Group (MEG) and Euryarchaeita _ unclassified group was reduced. In the aspect of bacteria, the addition of ZVI increases the abundance of the metacolymonas, Syntrophos, Peltoomaculum, and the C. clostrium, the genus Ruminococcus and Treponema, while V2.1 _ Bac22 _ norank, Lutispora, There was a decrease in the abundance of the species of bacteria, such as Bacterororaceae _ unctuured. This indicates that the addition of ZVI has a selective effect on the microbial flora, and can be directed to enrich the specific microorganism to make it a dominant species.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X713
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