苕溪流域生猪养殖产污特征

发布时间：2019-06-15 13:56

【摘要】：不同规模的畜禽养殖、管理模式不同,畜禽的产污特征存在很大差异。探究不同规模畜禽产污规律可为区域粪污的合理利用及污染防治提供科学依据。选取苕溪流域2家规模不同的生猪养殖场,对其养殖污水及生猪粪便进行收集和分析,对比2家养殖场不同养殖阶段生猪养殖污水、粪便的污染物含量和产污系数特征。结果表明:规模较小的金爱养殖场(年出栏量500头)单头生猪养殖污水及粪便的日均产量均高于大观山养殖场(年出栏量36 000头);大观山养殖场生猪养殖污水和粪便中污染物含量大多高于金爱养殖场,金爱养殖场养殖废物中总磷(TP)含量远高于大观山,可能是因为金爱养殖场使用的泔水中TP含量过高导致;大观山养殖场保育、育肥和妊娠3个阶段的总氮(TN)产污系数分别为8.94、18.68、30.65 g·d~(-1)·头~(-1),TP产污系数分别为3.91、7.62、14.77g·d~(-1)·头~(-1),金爱养殖场保育、育肥和妊娠3个阶段的TN产污系数分别为9.84、19.77、32.95 g·d~(-1)·头~(-1),TP产污系数分别为5.87、15.23、30.09 g·d~(-1)·头~(-1),大观山养殖场TN产污系数略高于金爱养殖场,金爱养殖场TP产污系数远高于大观山养殖场。2家养殖场重金属的产污系数相差不大,说明不同生猪养殖规模对TP的产污系数影响较大,而对TN和重金属的产污系数影响较小。
[Abstract]:The pollution production characteristics of livestock and poultry are very different when the management mode is different in different scales of livestock and poultry breeding. Exploring the law of livestock and poultry pollution production of different scales can provide scientific basis for rational utilization and pollution prevention and control of regional fecal pollution. Two pig farms of different sizes in Tiaoxi Basin were selected to collect and analyze their sewage and pig faeces, and the characteristics of pollutant content and pollution production coefficient of sewage and feces in different breeding stages of the two farms were compared. The results showed that the average daily yield of sewage and feces in the small Jinai farm (500 pigs per year) was higher than that in Daguan Mountain farm (36000 pigs per year). The content of pollutants in sewage and feces of pig breeding in Daguan Mountain farm was mostly higher than that in Jinai farm. The content of total phosphorus (TP) in breeding waste of Jinai farm was much higher than that in Daguan Mountain, which may be due to the high content of TP in swill used in Jinai farm. The pollution production coefficients of total nitrogen (TN) in Daguan Mountain farm conservation, fattening and pregnancy were 8.94, 18.68, 30.65 g 路d ~ (- 1) head ~ (- 1), 7.62 g 路d ~ (- 1), 14.77 g 路d ~ (- 1) head ~ (- 1), respectively. The TN pollution production coefficients in Jinai farm conservation, fattening and pregnancy stages were 9.84, 19.77, 3.95 g 路d ~ (- 1), 3.91 g 路d ~ (- 1), 9.84 g 路d ~ (- 1) and 3.95 g 路d ~ (- 1), respectively. The pollution production coefficients of TP were 5.87, 15.23, 30.09 g 路d ~ (- 1), respectively. The TN pollution production coefficient of Daguan Mountain Farm was slightly higher than that of Jinai Farm, and the TP pollution production coefficient of Jinai Farm was much higher than that of Daguan Mountain Farm. There was no significant difference in the pollution production coefficient of heavy metals between the two farms, which indicated that different pig breeding scales had a great influence on the pollution production coefficient of TP, but had little effect on the pollution production coefficient of TN and heavy metals.
【作者单位】：环境保护部南京环境科学研究所;南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07101-012) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2016) 国家重点研发计划(SQ2017YFD0801301,SQ2016YFNC060041)
【分类号】：X713

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