露天煤矿排土场复垦区不同植被类型枯落物持水特性研究

发布时间：2019-06-24 10:46

【摘要】：为揭示露天煤矿排土场复垦区不同植被类型水土保持效益,选取刺槐林地、榆树林地、混交林地(刺槐和榆树混交)、灌木林地(紫穗槐)和荒草地5种典型复垦植被下的枯落物作为研究对象,采用室内浸水法对5种植被类型枯落物的持水特性进行研究。结果表明:5个样地的枯落物厚度、蓄积量均表现为:乔木林地灌木林地荒草地,枯落物厚度在0.80~1.64cm之间,总蓄积量在0.72~7.51t/hm~2之间;枯落物最大持水量和有效拦蓄能力均表现为刺槐林地最大,枯落物最大持水率为145.58%~206.58%,最大持水量为13.11~123.98t/hm~2,有效拦蓄率为119.74%~166.05%,有效拦蓄量为10.09~98.76t/hm~2;林地枯落物持水量与浸泡时间的关系为Q=aln t+b;枯落物在0~1h内吸水速率最大,1~4h内吸水速率急剧下降,随后下降幅度逐渐减小,枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间关系式为:V=atb。研究结果可为评价露天煤矿排土场不同类型复垦区枯落物层水源涵养效益提供参考,为排土场植被恢复与重建提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:in ord to reveal that benefit of the soil and water conservation of different vegetation types in the reclamation area of the land reclamation area of the open-pit coal mine, the dry and falling objects of the five typical reclamation vegetation of the black locust forestland, the elm-tree forestland and the mixed forest (mixed with the black locust and the elm) are selected as the research object, The water-holding characteristics of five types of litter were studied by using the indoor flooding method. The results showed that the thickness and accumulation of the litter in five samples showed that the thickness of the litter was between 0.80 and 1.64 cm, the total storage volume was between 0.72 and 7.51 t/ hm ~ 2, the maximum water holding capacity and the effective retention capacity of the litter were the largest in the Robinia pseudoacacia forest land. The maximum water holding rate of the litter is 145.58% ~ 206.58%, the maximum water holding capacity is 13.11 ~ 123.98t/ hm ~ 2, the effective retention rate is 119.74% ~ 166.05%, the effective storage capacity is 10.09 ~ 98.76 t/ hm2, the relationship between the water holding capacity and the soaking time of the forest land is Q = aln t + b, the water absorption rate of the litter in 0 ~ 1h is the largest, and the water absorption rate in the 1 ~ 4 h decreases sharply. The descending amplitude gradually decreased, and the relation between the water absorption rate and the soaking time of the litter was: V = atb. The results of the study can provide a reference for evaluating the water conservation benefit of the water source of the litter layer in different types of reclamation areas in the open-pit coal mine, and provide a scientific basis for the restoration and reconstruction of the vegetation in the dump site.
【作者单位】：辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院;辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51474119)
【分类号】：S714

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