不同微生物菌剂对参后地土壤微生物影响的研究

发布时间：2019-06-26 20:35

【摘要】：我国是传统名贵中药材人参的生产大国,吉林省是人参药材的道地产区,人参产业是长白山区的支柱产业之一。但是,人工栽培人参会发生多种病害,使用化学农药会造成农药残留和环境污染,并且易诱导病原微生物产生抗药性。推广微生物菌剂预防植物病害的生物防治技术,已受到普遍重视。本研究以吉林抚松人参栽培基地的老参地为研究对象,分析测定不同浓度的4种微生物菌剂对参后地土壤微生物活性、微生物量碳氮、微生物功能多样性的影响。得出以下结果:1、益生元菌剂当菌剂用量达到400 g/m2时,土壤呼吸作用、氨化作用强度达到最大值,分别为67.49 mg/kg和0.2604 mg/g,而土壤硝化作用强度在菌剂用量为600 g/m2时达到最大,为39.76%;哈次木霉菌剂当菌剂用量达到8 g/m2时,土壤呼吸强度、氨化作用强度和硝化作用强度分别达到最大值,分别为51.91 mg/kg、0.2737 mg/g和38.74%;“5406”菌剂当菌剂用量达到100 g/m2时,土壤呼吸强度、氨化作用强度和硝化作用强度分别达到最大值,分别为65.97 mg/kg、0.2921 mg/g和43.19%;多粘芽孢杆菌菌剂当菌剂用量达到3 g/m2时,土壤呼吸强度达到最大值51.91 mg/kg,而土壤氨化作用、硝化作用强度在菌肥用量为2 g/m2时达到最大,分别为0.2656 mg/g、31.79%。2、各菌剂处理均提高了土壤微生物量碳、氮值,降低了微生物量碳氮比。400 g/m2浓度益生元菌剂、5 g/m2浓度哈茨木霉菌剂、50 g/m2浓度“5406”、3 g/m2浓度的多粘芽孢杆菌处理的作用效果最明显,参后地土壤微生物量碳、氮值增加量最大,氮素利用率明显提高。3、菌剂的施入使增强了土壤微生物对各大类碳源的代谢效率,提高了参后地土壤微生物群落功能多样性。哈茨木霉菌剂和益生元菌剂处理的微生物碳源利用率、shannon指数、丰富度指数高于其他组和对照;益生元菌剂400 g/m2和哈茨木霉菌剂5 g/m2、8 g/m2对参后地土壤微生物具有较强的改良作用。
[Abstract]:China is a big producing country of ginseng, Jilin Province is the producing area of ginseng, and ginseng industry is one of the pillar industries in Changbai Mountain area. However, artificial cultivation of ginseng will occur a variety of diseases, the use of chemical pesticides will cause pesticide residues and environmental pollution, and easy to induce pathogenic microorganisms to produce resistance. It has been paid more and more attention to popularize the biological control technology of microbial agents to prevent plant diseases. In this study, the effects of four different concentrations of microbial agents on soil microbial activity, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and microbial functional diversity in Panax ginseng cultivation base in Jilin Province were analyzed and determined. The results were as follows: 1. When the dosage of probiotics reached 400 g/m2, the soil respiration and amination intensity reached the maximum, which were 67.49 mg/kg and 0.2604 mg/g, respectively, and the soil nitrification intensity reached the maximum when the dosage of bacteria was 600 g/m2, which was 39.76%. When the dosage of Trichoderma harzianum reached 8 g/m2, the soil respiration intensity, amination intensity and nitrification intensity reached the maximum, 51.91 mg/kg,0.2737 mg/g and 38.74%, respectively. When the dosage of "5406" agent reached 100 g/m2, the soil respiration intensity, amination intensity and nitrification intensity reached the maximum, which were 65.97 mg/kg,0.2921 mg/g and 43.19%, respectively. When the dosage of Bacillus polymyxis reached 3 g/m2, the soil respiration intensity reached the maximum value of 51.91 mg/kg, and the nitrification intensity reached the maximum when the amount of bacterial fertilizer was 2 g/m2. The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen values were increased and the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen ratio was reduced when the microbial fertilizer dosage was 0.2656 mg/g,31.79%.2, respectively. 5 g/m2 concentration of Trichoderma harzianum, 50 g/m2 concentration of "5406", 3 g/m2 concentration of Alternaria polymyticus had the most obvious effect, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen value increased the most, and the nitrogen use efficiency increased obviously. 3. The application of the agent enhanced the metabolic efficiency of soil microorganisms to all kinds of carbon sources and improved the functional diversity of soil microbial community after ginseng. The utilization rate, shannon index and richness index of microbial carbon source, shannon index and richness index were higher than those of other groups and controls, and 400 g/m2 and 5 g / m ~ 2, 8 g/m2 had a strong effect on the improvement of soil microorganisms in Panax quinquefolium.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S567.51;S154.3

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