粮棉轮作对土壤中养分及真菌多样性的影响

发布时间：2019-07-09 05:57

【摘要】：为了改善冀中南地区多年连作棉田的土壤环境,分析棉花-小麦-玉米两年三熟轮作种植制度对土壤速效养分和真菌多样性的影响。依托河北省南宫市棉花原种场试验点,采用定期采集土壤样品,测定土壤中的有效磷、速效钾、全氮含量及提取各样品中的总DNA,借助Illumina Hi Seq 2500高通量测序平台,研究不同种植模式对土壤真菌的群落结构、丰度等的影响,分析养分变化和群落变化的相关性。结果表明:轮作模式土壤速效磷、全氮残留含量比连作棉田显著增加,而土壤速效钾则差异不明显。轮作模式和连作模式土壤中的分类单元(Operational taxonomic units,OTU)个数分别为783,750个,真菌多样性表现为轮作模式土壤㧐连作模式土壤。通过聚类分析,发现不同种植模式下的土壤样品被完全区分且菌群的差异性显著,轮作模式土壤较连作模式土壤中的散囊菌目(Eurotiales)、伞菌科(Agaricaceae)显著减少,而粪壳菌目(Sordariales)显著增加。此外通过综合比较发现,不同作物对土壤中营养元素的吸收和利用存在偏好性,可以利用轮作方式改变连作棉田的化肥使用方式,减少化肥的使用量,提高使用效率,为茬口衔接节肥技术的实施提供了依据;同时轮作能够减少土壤中包含许多腐生和寄生有害真菌的散囊菌目菌群种类和数量,增加了大多腐生于富含有机质的土壤和植物残体上的粪壳菌群。由此可以初步认为,对冀中南连作棉田进行轮作,能够提高肥效,优化土壤的菌群结构,从而改善棉田土壤结构,为提高棉田的产量奠定基础。
文内图片：

图片说明：不同种植模式下土样中微生物门水平的组成
[Abstract]:In order to improve the soil environment of continuous cropping cotton field in central and southern Hebei, the effects of two-year three-cropping rotation system of cotton, wheat and corn on soil available nutrients and fungal diversity were analyzed. Based on the experimental site of cotton original seed farm in Nangong City, Hebei Province, soil samples were collected regularly to determine available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen content and total DNA, extracted from each sample. With the help of Illumina Hi Seq 2500 high throughput sequencing platform, the effects of different planting patterns on the community structure and abundance of soil fungi were studied, and the correlation between nutrient changes and community changes was analyzed. The results showed that the content of available phosphorus and total nitrogen in rotation model soil was significantly higher than that in continuous cropping cotton field, but there was no significant difference in soil available potassium. The number of taxa (Operational taxonomic units,OTU in rotation model soil and continuous cropping model soil was 783750, and the fungal diversity was in rotation model soil. Continuous cropping model soil. Through cluster analysis, it was found that the soil samples under different planting patterns were completely distinguished and the differences of flora were significant. The (Agaricaceae) of (Eurotiales), Umbelaceae in rotation model soil was significantly lower than that in continuous cropping model soil, while the (Sordariales) of Chlamyces faecalis was significantly increased. In addition, through comprehensive comparison, it is found that the absorption and utilization of nutrient elements in soil by different crops is preferred, which can be used to change the use mode of chemical fertilizer in continuous cropping cotton field, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, improve the use efficiency, and provide the basis for the implementation of stubble and fertilizer saving technology. At the same time, rotation can reduce the species and quantity of ascomycetes which contain many saprophytic and parasitic harmful fungi in soil, and increase the fecal shell bacteria which are mostly saprophytic in soil and plant residues rich in organic matter. It can be preliminarily considered that rotation of continuous cropping cotton field in central and southern Hebei can improve fertilizer efficiency and optimize soil flora structure, so as to improve soil structure and lay a foundation for increasing yield of cotton field.
【作者单位】：河北省农林科学院棉花研究所农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室国家棉花改良中心河北分中心
【基金】：河北省渤海粮仓科技示范工程河北省科技计划项目(16227205D)
【分类号】：S154.3;S158

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