供氮水平对不同氮效率玉米物质积累及产量的影响

发布时间：2019-07-10 15:38

【摘要】：在3个氮水平(N 0、150、300 kg·hm~(-20)下,采用大田盆栽试验研究氮肥对不同氮效率玉米品种干物质积累、分配及产量的影响。结果表明,氮高效品种正红311各阶段干物质积累量、积累速率均显著高于氮低效品种先玉508,尤其在3个氮水平下,成熟期氮高效品种正红311单株干物质较氮低效品种先玉508分别高37.63%、43.97%、35.28%。施氮使单株干物质积累量增加,在中低氮(B2)下正红311增加幅度大于先玉508,而在高氮(B3)处理下增幅低于先玉508;而先玉508的花前干物质贡献率较正红311高9.80%,且施氮增加了氮高效品种正红311花后物质贡献率,以及氮低效品种先玉508的花前物质贡献率。氮高效品种正红311籽粒的分配比例较先玉508低了8.07%,施氮使籽粒的分配比例增加,且氮高效品种正红311增加了14.35%,氮低效品种先玉508增加了11.53%。各处理下正红311的产量显著高于先玉508的产量,且均随施氮量的增加而增加,正红311的增产幅度显著高于先玉508,尤其是在中低氮水平(B2)下,达24.53%。氮高效品种较氮低效品种具有较高的物质生产能力,在低氮下具有较高的产量优势,而氮低效品种在高氮水平下有利于产量的发挥。
[Abstract]:The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of corn varieties with different nitrogen efficiency were studied by pot experiment with three nitrogen levels (N 0150300 kg 路hm ~ (- 20). The results showed that the dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate of Zhenghong 311 were significantly higher than those of Xianyu 508. especially at three nitrogen levels, the dry matter of Zhenghong 311 was 37.63%, 43.97% and 35.28% higher than that of Xianyu 508, respectively. Nitrogen application increased dry matter accumulation per plant, Zhenghong 311 increased more than Xianyu 508 under middle and low nitrogen (B2), but lower than Xianyu 508 under high nitrogen (B3) treatment, and the contribution rate of dry matter before anthesis of Xianyu 508 was 9.80% higher than that of Zhenghong 311, and nitrogen application increased the contribution rate of matter after anthesis of nitrogen efficient variety Zhenghong 311 and the contribution rate of pre-anthesis material of nitrogen inefficient variety Xianyu 508. The grain distribution ratio of nitrogen efficient variety Zhenghong 311 was 8.07% lower than that of Xianyu 508. The grain distribution ratio of nitrogen efficient variety Zhenghong 311 was increased by 14.35%, and that of nitrogen inefficient variety Xianyu 508 was increased by 11.53%. The yield of Zhenghong 311 was significantly higher than that of Xianyu 508 under each treatment, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The yield increase of Zhenghong 311 was significantly higher than that of Xianyu 508, especially at the middle and low nitrogen level (B2), which reached 24.53%. Nitrogen efficient varieties have higher material production capacity than nitrogen inefficient varieties, and have higher yield advantages under low nitrogen level, while nitrogen inefficient varieties are beneficial to yield at high nitrogen level.
【作者单位】：农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川农业大学农学院;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201503127) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B13)
【分类号】：S513;S143.1

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