功能膜覆盖好氧堆肥过程氨气减排性能研究

发布时间：2019-08-13 12:39

【摘要】：畜禽粪便高温好氧堆肥过程中氨气的排放不仅污染环境,而且会降低有机肥氮素含量。因此,控制好氧堆肥过程中氨挥发是降低氮损失及减少堆肥周边环境恶臭的关键。为研究膜覆盖对畜禽粪便好氧堆肥过程氨气挥发的影响,以猪粪和小麦秸秆为试验原料,采用具有选择渗透性的Gore膜作为覆盖材料,在实验室好氧堆肥反应器系统中进行了为期27 d的好氧堆肥试验。试验设置覆膜组和对照组,采用开启1 h、关闭1 h间歇通风方式,通风速率为3 L/min,重点监测堆肥过程堆体温度、氧浓度和NH3排放速率等。研究表明:覆膜组比对照组高温期持续时间略长,更有利于杀死堆体有害病原菌;相比于对照组,覆膜组NH3排放量减少18.87%;相比于温度峰值出现的时间,两组试验NH3峰值出现时间均延后,且覆膜组延后时间更长。
[Abstract]:Ammonia emission from livestock manure not only pollutes the environment, but also reduces the nitrogen content of organic fertilizer during high temperature aerobic composting. Therefore, controlling ammonia volatilization in aerobic composting is the key to reduce nitrogen loss and reduce the stench of the surrounding environment. In order to study the effect of membrane mulching on ammonia volatilization in aerobic composting of livestock and poultry manure, a 27-day aerobic composting experiment was carried out in a laboratory aerobic composting reactor system with pig manure and wheat straw as experimental raw materials and Gore membrane with selected permeability as covering material. In the experiment, the film coating group and the control group were opened for 1 hour and closed for 1 hour. The ventilation rate was 3 L / min. The reactor temperature, oxygen concentration and NH3 emission rate in the composting process were monitored. The results showed that the duration of high temperature period in the film mulching group was slightly longer than that in the control group, which was more beneficial to kill harmful pathogens in the heap; compared with the control group, the NH3 emission in the film coating group decreased by 18.87%; compared with the time when the temperature peak appeared, the peak NH3 peak time in both groups was delayed, and the delay time in the film mulching group was longer.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学工学院;青海藏地堂生物科技开发有限公司;UTV
【基金】：国家国际科技合作专项(2015DFA90370) 欧盟框架计划项目(690142)
【分类号】：S141.4

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