长期施肥对中国黑土有机碳和氮的分布与稳定性的影响
发布时间：2023-04-25 19:09
增加土壤碳(C)和氮(N)储量对于应对气候变化和确保粮食安全至关重要。世界农田土壤C的固存潜力为0.4～0.8 Pg y-1,其可以通过采用推荐管理措施(包括施肥管理)实现。本研究旨在定量评估长期不同有机肥和化肥配施有机肥施用对土壤有机碳(SOC)储量的影响,比较与储量变化因素相关的计算反应,并提出促进SOC固持的建议。结果表明,长期有机肥(M)和化肥配施有机肥(MNPK)能显著土壤SOC储量。不同施肥处理和土壤剖面不同深度的有机碳储量存在显著差异(p<0.05),且其对初始SOC含量敏感。分析表明,持续施用有机肥和秸秆还田是缓解气候变化、保障我国粮食安全的有效措施。我们的结果强调为了更准确地反映政策措施的效果,应在根据肥料管理、气候和土壤类型对农田进行详细分类基础上,探究有机碳变化的驱动因素。土壤有机碳作为影响作物产量的关键土壤质量指标,是由一系列特殊稳定组分构成的复杂连续体。然而,关于长期施肥对剖面土壤有机碳保护机制的敏感性研究较少。因此,本研究以东北黑土为研究对象,使用物理化学联合分组的方法,分析连续施用化肥和有机肥35年后,0-100 cm剖面不同保...
【文章页数】：157 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Significance of Soil Organic Carbon
1.2 The global carbon cycle
1.3 Global N cycle
1.3.1 Inequalities of nitrogen use
1.3.2 Consequence of increased Nr availability
1.3.3 Addressing Excesses,and Shortages
1.4 Soil organic matter stabilization
1.5 Stabilization in subsoil
1.6 The concepts of Soil Health and Soil Quality
1.6.1 Soil Health
1.6.2 Soil quality
1.6.3 Linking soil quality to soil functions and ecosystem services
1.7 Global Climate Change
1.7.1 Importance of subsoil C
1.8 Quantification of soil organic matter
1.8.1 Importance of SOC
1.9 Fractionation methods
1.9.1 Hydrolysis Methods
1.9.2 Physical Fractionation
1.9.3 Soil Dispersion
1.9.4 Particle Fractionation
1.9.5 Aggregate Fractionation
1.10 Protection mechanisms
1.10.1 Mechanisms of Physical Protection
1.10.2 Adsorption onto minerals
1.10.3 Mechanisms of Chemical Protection
1.10.4 Mechanisms of Biochemical Protection
1.11 Existing Problem
1.12 Scientific questions
1.13 Hypotheses
1.14 Objectives
CHAPTER2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Technical Route
2.2 Description of experimental site
2.3 Climate normal
2.4 Experimental design
2.5 Soil sampling and pre-processing
2.5.1 Soil basic properties analyses
2.5.2 Total organic C
2.5.3 Total nitrogen
2.6 Soil fractionation method
2.6.1 Introduction
2.6.2 Soil dispersion
2.6.3 Particle Fractionation
2.7 Physical-Chemical Fractionation procedure
2.8 Carbon analysis
2.9 Requirements for Procedure
2.10 C content analysis
2.11 N content analysis
2.12 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER3 STORAGE OF soil organic carbon and NITROGEN Along with the black soil PROFILE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Site description
3.2.2 Main calculations
3.3 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 SOC and TN densities
3.4.2 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
3.4.3 Content and distribution of SOC and TN stocks
3.4.4 Proportional distributions in the top100 cm of soil in the black soil
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER4 Variations in the distribution and protection mechanisms of SOIL ORGANIC CARBON TO LONG-TERM Fertilizations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Relative proportions of isolated fractions(across whole soil profile)
4.2.2 Distribution of SOC as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
4.2.3 SOC content of isolated fractions across the whole profile
4.2.4 Relationship between Fraction SOC and total SOC
4.3 Discussion
4.3.1 Distribution of SOC as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
4.3.2 Fractional proportions and SOC content under long-term fertilization
4.3.3 Relationship between Fraction SOC and total SOC
4.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER5 Distribution of TN in bulk soil and its fractions under LONG-TERM Fertilizations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Site description
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
5.3.2 TN content of isolated fractions across the whole profile
5.3.3 Biochemically protected
5.3.4 Relationship between Fraction TN and total N
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
5.4.2 Unprotected fraction
5.4.3 Physically protected
5.4.4 Chemically protected
5.4.5 Biochemically protected
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER6 Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Study site description
6.2.2 Experimental design and soil sampling
6.2.3 Soil chemical properties analyses
6.2.4 Fractionation procedure
6.2.5 Statistical analysis
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Soil organic carbon,total nitrogen(N),and total phosphorus
6.3.2 Distribution of soil C,N,P stoichiometry in various profile layers
6.3.3 Relationships between the SOC,TN and TP contents along with the profile
6.3.4 Association between C:N:P stoichiometry and C,N,P contents
6.3.5 Correlation between C:N ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.6 Correlation between C:P ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.7 Correlation between N:P ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.8 SOC fractions throughout the soil profile and their association with C:N:P stoichiometry
6.3.9 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with unprotected and physically protected SOC fractions
6.3.10 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with chemically and biochemically protected SOC fractions
6.3.11 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with physico-chemically and physico-biochemical protected SOC fractions
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 C,N,P contents and stoichiometries affected with mineral and manure fertilization across profile
6.4.2 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with non-protection and physical protection
6.4.3 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with chemical and biochemical protection
6.4.4 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with physico-chemical and physico-biochemical protection
6.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER7 overall Conclusion
7.1 Results and conclusions
7.1.1 Soil organic carbon and nitrogen storage
7.1.2 Distribution of organic carbon contents in bulk soil and fractions across profile
7.1.3 Distribution of total nitrogen in bulk soil and fractions across the whole profile
7.1.4 Distribution of soil C:N:P stoichiometry in top-compared with subsoil
7.2 Research innovation
7.3 Future Research Prospects
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
MUHAMMAD MOHSIN ABRAR
本文编号：3800882
【文章页数】：157 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Significance of Soil Organic Carbon
1.2 The global carbon cycle
1.3 Global N cycle
1.3.1 Inequalities of nitrogen use
1.3.2 Consequence of increased Nr availability
1.3.3 Addressing Excesses,and Shortages
1.4 Soil organic matter stabilization
1.5 Stabilization in subsoil
1.6 The concepts of Soil Health and Soil Quality
1.6.1 Soil Health
1.6.2 Soil quality
1.6.3 Linking soil quality to soil functions and ecosystem services
1.7 Global Climate Change
1.7.1 Importance of subsoil C
1.8 Quantification of soil organic matter
1.8.1 Importance of SOC
1.9 Fractionation methods
1.9.1 Hydrolysis Methods
1.9.2 Physical Fractionation
1.9.3 Soil Dispersion
1.9.4 Particle Fractionation
1.9.5 Aggregate Fractionation
1.10 Protection mechanisms
1.10.1 Mechanisms of Physical Protection
1.10.2 Adsorption onto minerals
1.10.3 Mechanisms of Chemical Protection
1.10.4 Mechanisms of Biochemical Protection
1.11 Existing Problem
1.12 Scientific questions
1.13 Hypotheses
1.14 Objectives
CHAPTER2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Technical Route
2.2 Description of experimental site
2.3 Climate normal
2.4 Experimental design
2.5 Soil sampling and pre-processing
2.5.1 Soil basic properties analyses
2.5.2 Total organic C
2.5.3 Total nitrogen
2.6 Soil fractionation method
2.6.1 Introduction
2.6.2 Soil dispersion
2.6.3 Particle Fractionation
2.7 Physical-Chemical Fractionation procedure
2.8 Carbon analysis
2.9 Requirements for Procedure
2.10 C content analysis
2.11 N content analysis
2.12 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER3 STORAGE OF soil organic carbon and NITROGEN Along with the black soil PROFILE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Site description
3.2.2 Main calculations
3.3 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 SOC and TN densities
3.4.2 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
3.4.3 Content and distribution of SOC and TN stocks
3.4.4 Proportional distributions in the top100 cm of soil in the black soil
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER4 Variations in the distribution and protection mechanisms of SOIL ORGANIC CARBON TO LONG-TERM Fertilizations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Relative proportions of isolated fractions(across whole soil profile)
4.2.2 Distribution of SOC as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
4.2.3 SOC content of isolated fractions across the whole profile
4.2.4 Relationship between Fraction SOC and total SOC
4.3 Discussion
4.3.1 Distribution of SOC as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
4.3.2 Fractional proportions and SOC content under long-term fertilization
4.3.3 Relationship between Fraction SOC and total SOC
4.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER5 Distribution of TN in bulk soil and its fractions under LONG-TERM Fertilizations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Site description
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
5.3.2 TN content of isolated fractions across the whole profile
5.3.3 Biochemically protected
5.3.4 Relationship between Fraction TN and total N
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
5.4.2 Unprotected fraction
5.4.3 Physically protected
5.4.4 Chemically protected
5.4.5 Biochemically protected
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER6 Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Study site description
6.2.2 Experimental design and soil sampling
6.2.3 Soil chemical properties analyses
6.2.4 Fractionation procedure
6.2.5 Statistical analysis
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Soil organic carbon,total nitrogen(N),and total phosphorus
6.3.2 Distribution of soil C,N,P stoichiometry in various profile layers
6.3.3 Relationships between the SOC,TN and TP contents along with the profile
6.3.4 Association between C:N:P stoichiometry and C,N,P contents
6.3.5 Correlation between C:N ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.6 Correlation between C:P ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.7 Correlation between N:P ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.8 SOC fractions throughout the soil profile and their association with C:N:P stoichiometry
6.3.9 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with unprotected and physically protected SOC fractions
6.3.10 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with chemically and biochemically protected SOC fractions
6.3.11 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with physico-chemically and physico-biochemical protected SOC fractions
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 C,N,P contents and stoichiometries affected with mineral and manure fertilization across profile
6.4.2 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with non-protection and physical protection
6.4.3 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with chemical and biochemical protection
6.4.4 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with physico-chemical and physico-biochemical protection
6.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER7 overall Conclusion
7.1 Results and conclusions
7.1.1 Soil organic carbon and nitrogen storage
7.1.2 Distribution of organic carbon contents in bulk soil and fractions across profile
7.1.3 Distribution of total nitrogen in bulk soil and fractions across the whole profile
7.1.4 Distribution of soil C:N:P stoichiometry in top-compared with subsoil
7.2 Research innovation
7.3 Future Research Prospects
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
MUHAMMAD MOHSIN ABRAR
本文编号：3800882
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