Biochar-based Soil Amendment as an Ecotechnology for Restora

发布时间：2024-02-02 12:01

　　

【文章页数】：151 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
Abstract
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Introduction and Research Background
    1.1 Rationale and working hypotheses
        1.1.1 Objectives of the study
        1.1.2 Research pathway or routines
    1.2 The issue of salt stressed soil and soil salinization
        1.2.1 Soil salinity and salt affected Soil
        1.2.2 Salinity types and characterization
        1.2.3 Saline soil
        1.2.4 Sodic Soil
        1.2.5 Saline Sodic soil
        1.2.6 Major causes and current features of soil salinity
        1.2.7 Adaptive measurement and mechanisms of salinity stress
    1.3 Soil salinity effects on plant growth and health
        1.3.1 Soil salinity and seed germination
        1.3.2 Salinity stress and plant growth
        1.3.3 Photosynthetic activity under salt-stress
        1.3.4 Relationship between Salt stress and warer
        1.3.5 Salinity and plant nutrition
        1.3.6 Salinity and crop yield
        1.3.7 Technologies available for alleviating or desalting soil
Chapter 2 Effects of biochar-based amendment on reduction of soil salinity,nutrient improvement and wheatgrain yield
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and methods
        2.2.1 Experiment site and Soil
        2.2.2 Biochar and pyroligneous solution used
        2.2.3 Biochar poultry manure compost(BPC)
        2.2.4 Experiment design
        2.2.5 Soil sampling and analysis
        2.2.6 Wheat yield measurement
        2.2.7 Statistical analysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Soil physical and chemical property
        2.3.2 Soil Nutrient status
        2.3.3 Wheat grain yield
    2.4 Discussions
        2.4.1 Mutual effects of BPC-PS on soil salinity
        2.4.2 Effect of BPC-PS on soil nutrient supply and yield
    2.5 Conclusions
Chapter 3 Effects of biochar-based amendment on maize growth and bio-molecules activity
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and methods
        3.2.1 Experimental site climate and Soil
        3.2.2 Maize cultivation and fertilization
        3.2.3 Soil sampling and analysis
        3.2.4 Field observations and plant sampling
        3.2.5 Determination of plant relative water content and electrolytes leakage
        3.2.6 Leaf chlorophyll content
        3.2.7 Determination of proline and lipid peroxidation(MDA)
        3.2.8 Soluble sugar,amino acids and ascorbic acids
        3.2.9 Ion content in leaf sap of maize
        3.2.10 Scanning electron microscopy of biochar particles
        3.2.11 Statistical analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Soil salinity and plant salt concentration with BPC-PS amendment
        3.3.2 Improvement in plant growth
        3.3.3 Plant nutrition and leaf bioactivity
        3.3.4 Reaction of the biochar after added to soil
    3.4 Discussion
        3.4.1 Effect of the BPC-PS treatment on plant growth and soil properties
        3.4.2 Effect of BPC-PS amendment on maize bioactivity and proline osmolyte
        3.4.3 Salt absorption in biochar particles
    3.5 Conclusions
Chapter 4 Effects of biochat-based amendment on nutrient uptake,biomass yield and crop quality
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and methods
        4.2.1 Experiment site climate and soil
        4.2.2 Plant sampling and analysis
        4.2.3 Protein content of maize grain
        4.2.4 Grain yield and nutrient uptake
        4.2.5 Disease infection and morphological characters
        4.2.6 Statistical analysis
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Biomass production and grain protein content of maize crop
        4.3.2 Nutrient uptake and translocation
        4.3.3 Disease infection and grain merphological conditions
    4.4 Discussion
        4.4.1 Effects of amendment on crop growth and nutrient uptake
        4.4.2 Effect of amendments on crop quality and grain yield
    4.5 Conclusions
Chapter 5 Effects of biochar-based amendment on soil microbial community structure and enzymes activity
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and methods
        5.2.1 Experimental site climate and soil
        5.2.2 Soil sampling and analysis
        5.2.3 Determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen
        5.2.4 Soil enzymes activity measurement
        5.2.5 DNA extraction and real-time quantitative PCR
        5.2.6 Bacterial and fungal community analysis using DGGE
        5.2.7 Phylogenetic analysis and gene sequencing
        5.2.8 DGGE profile analysis
        5.2.9 Statistical analysis
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Soil Cmic,Nmic,and soil enzyme activity
        5.3.2 Bacterial and fungal gene abundance and community structure
        5.3.3 Phylogenetic analysis
    5.4 Discussion
        5.4.1 Microbial biomass and diversity changes in BPC-PS treated salt soil
        5.4.2 Changes in soil enzyme activity with BPC-PS
        5.4.3 Soil microbial community structure
        5.4.4 Year changes
    5.5 Conclusions
Chapter 6 Findings,gaps and future perspective of the study
    6.1 Major finding of the study
    6.2 Gaps of the study
    6.3 Future perspective
References
List of Publications
Project funding
Picture gallery
Acknowledgement



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