有机物料在中国典型土壤中的分解特征和机制
发布时间：2024-12-07 04:05
有机物料施用可以供给植物和微生物生长所需的营养元素,又可以提升土壤有机质(SOM)、改善土壤结构和肥力,进而为可持续农业维持土壤质量。为了更有效地利用有机物料提升土壤有机质,需要弄清有机物料分解的机制。有机材料的分解受到多方面因素的影响,如有机物料的性质、温度、水分、土壤结构和质地,这其中土壤粘粒含量的影响尤为大。很多研究通过实验室和田间的培养试验,研究了土壤性质与有机物料性质之间交互作用。环境因素的变化也会影响土壤类型和有机物料分解率的交互作用,而前人研究中常结合分析土壤类型和有机物料性质对分解率的影响。本文通过在湖南省祁阳县中国农业科学院红壤试验站开展12个月的田间培养试验,利用将有机物料装进尼龙网袋、埋入不同类型土壤,来研究土壤类型和有机物料性质对有机物料分解率的影响。 试验在4种类型土壤即红壤、潮土、黑土和水稻土开展,并选用7种有机物料,分别为小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆、小麦根、玉米根、猪粪、牛粪。有机物料的分解试验在无土培养和混土培养下进行。试验一：研究了7中有机物料在无土培养下的分解特征；试验二：7种有机物料分别导3种类型土壤(红壤、黑土和潮土)混合培养,以研究土壤类...
【文章页数】：157 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
博士学位论文评阅人、答辩委员会签名表
摘要
Abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 Research progress of decomposition of organic materials in soils
1.1 Soil organic matter-a key component of soil
1.2 Role of soil organic matter
1.3 Forms of organic matter in soil
1.3.1 Dissolved organic matter
1.3.2 Particulate organic matter
1.3.3 Humus
1.3.4 Resistant organic matter
1.4 Climate change and soil organic matter
1.5 Organic materials decomposition
1.5.1 Importance of decomposition
1.6 Controlling factors of decomposition
1.6.1 Organic materials properties
1.6.2 Soil properties
1.6.3 Soil management practices
1.6.4 Microbial activity and community composition
1.6.5 Temperature and moisture
1.6.6 Properties of the rhizosphere
1.7 Decomposition experiments:An overview
1.8 Biolog method-a technique for assessing soil microbial community composition
1.8.1 Principles of Biolog Method
1.8.2 Types of Biolog plates
1.8.3 Advantages of Biolog plate method
1.8.4 Limitations of Biolog methods
1.9 Scientific question
1.10 Hypotheses
1.11 Objectives
CHAPTER 2 Decomposition characteristics of some organic materials in subtropicalclimatic region of China
2.1 Summary
2.2 Introduction
2.3 Materials and Methods
2.3.1 Site description
2.3.2 Collection of organic materials and preparation
2.3.3 Preparation of Nylon mesh bag for incubation experiment
2.3.4 Sampling and analysis
2.3.5 Soil temperature and moisture measurement
2.3.6 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Composition of organic materials
2.4.2 Mass loss
2.4.3 Remaining organic carbon
2.4.4 C:N ratio and Lignin:N ratio
2.4.5 Changes in total nitrogen
2.4.6 Relationship between remaining carbon and C:N ratio and lignin:N ratio
2.5 Discussion
2.5.1 Organic materials composition and decomposition
2.5.2 Mass loss of organic materials
2.5.3 Carbon decomposition
2.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Decomposition characteristics of some organic materials mixed withdifferent soil types
3.1 Summary
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Materials and Methods
3.3.1 Collection of soil and organic materials
3.3.2 Experimental design and treatments
3.3.3 Preparation of nylon mesh bag
3.3.4 Collection of samples and processing
3.3.5 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Remaining organic carbon
3.4.2 Effect of soil types on decomposition
3.4.3 Mean Decomposition Rate
3.4.4 Changes in total nitrogen
3.4.5 Changes in C:N ratio
3.4.6 Relationship between remaining C and C:N ratio
3.4.7 Changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content
3.4.8 Changes of MBC:MBN ratio
3.4.9 Relationship between Remaining C and MBC:MBN ratio
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Decomposition characteristics of rice straw, pig manure and cattlemanure in paddy field of south China
4.1 Summary
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Materials and Methods
4.3.1 Site description
4.3.2 Collection and preparation of soil
4.3.3 Collection of organic materials and preparation
4.3.4 Preparation of Nylon mesh bag for incubation experiment
4.3.5 Sampling and analysis
4.3.6 Statistical analysis
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Mass loss of organic materials
4.4.2 Remaining organic carbon
4.4.3 Soil effect on C decomposition
4.4.4 Mean decomposition rate of organic materials
4.4.5 Changes in total nitrogen
4.4.6 Changes in C:N ratio
4.4.7 Relationship between remaining C percent and C:N ratio
4.5 Discussion
4.5.1 Mass loss of organic materials
4.5.2 Decomposition of organic carbon
4.5.3 Changes of total N
4.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Studies of microbial community composition of some soils associatedwith different organic materials decomposition by the Biolog EcoPlates
5.1 Summary
5.2 Introduction
5.3 Materials and Methods
5.3.1 Study area
5.3.2 Experimental Design and treatment
5.3.3 Microbial biomass Carbon and Nitrogen
5.3.4 BIOLOG analysis
5.3.5 Data processing and analysis
5.4 Results
5.4.1 Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN)
5.4.2 Community level physiological profile (CLPP) of microbial communities of soil
5.4.3 Mean AWCD value
5.4.4 AWCDs of two sampling times under three soil types
5.4.5 Principal component analysis (PCA)
5.4.6 Scree plot
5.5 Discussion
5.6 Conclusions
GENERAL CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
RESUME
本文编号：4014771
【文章页数】：157 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
博士学位论文评阅人、答辩委员会签名表
摘要
Abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 Research progress of decomposition of organic materials in soils
1.1 Soil organic matter-a key component of soil
1.2 Role of soil organic matter
1.3 Forms of organic matter in soil
1.3.1 Dissolved organic matter
1.3.2 Particulate organic matter
1.3.3 Humus
1.3.4 Resistant organic matter
1.4 Climate change and soil organic matter
1.5 Organic materials decomposition
1.5.1 Importance of decomposition
1.6 Controlling factors of decomposition
1.6.1 Organic materials properties
1.6.2 Soil properties
1.6.3 Soil management practices
1.6.4 Microbial activity and community composition
1.6.5 Temperature and moisture
1.6.6 Properties of the rhizosphere
1.7 Decomposition experiments:An overview
1.8 Biolog method-a technique for assessing soil microbial community composition
1.8.1 Principles of Biolog Method
1.8.2 Types of Biolog plates
1.8.3 Advantages of Biolog plate method
1.8.4 Limitations of Biolog methods
1.9 Scientific question
1.10 Hypotheses
1.11 Objectives
CHAPTER 2 Decomposition characteristics of some organic materials in subtropicalclimatic region of China
2.1 Summary
2.2 Introduction
2.3 Materials and Methods
2.3.1 Site description
2.3.2 Collection of organic materials and preparation
2.3.3 Preparation of Nylon mesh bag for incubation experiment
2.3.4 Sampling and analysis
2.3.5 Soil temperature and moisture measurement
2.3.6 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Composition of organic materials
2.4.2 Mass loss
2.4.3 Remaining organic carbon
2.4.4 C:N ratio and Lignin:N ratio
2.4.5 Changes in total nitrogen
2.4.6 Relationship between remaining carbon and C:N ratio and lignin:N ratio
2.5 Discussion
2.5.1 Organic materials composition and decomposition
2.5.2 Mass loss of organic materials
2.5.3 Carbon decomposition
2.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Decomposition characteristics of some organic materials mixed withdifferent soil types
3.1 Summary
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Materials and Methods
3.3.1 Collection of soil and organic materials
3.3.2 Experimental design and treatments
3.3.3 Preparation of nylon mesh bag
3.3.4 Collection of samples and processing
3.3.5 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Remaining organic carbon
3.4.2 Effect of soil types on decomposition
3.4.3 Mean Decomposition Rate
3.4.4 Changes in total nitrogen
3.4.5 Changes in C:N ratio
3.4.6 Relationship between remaining C and C:N ratio
3.4.7 Changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content
3.4.8 Changes of MBC:MBN ratio
3.4.9 Relationship between Remaining C and MBC:MBN ratio
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Decomposition characteristics of rice straw, pig manure and cattlemanure in paddy field of south China
4.1 Summary
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Materials and Methods
4.3.1 Site description
4.3.2 Collection and preparation of soil
4.3.3 Collection of organic materials and preparation
4.3.4 Preparation of Nylon mesh bag for incubation experiment
4.3.5 Sampling and analysis
4.3.6 Statistical analysis
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Mass loss of organic materials
4.4.2 Remaining organic carbon
4.4.3 Soil effect on C decomposition
4.4.4 Mean decomposition rate of organic materials
4.4.5 Changes in total nitrogen
4.4.6 Changes in C:N ratio
4.4.7 Relationship between remaining C percent and C:N ratio
4.5 Discussion
4.5.1 Mass loss of organic materials
4.5.2 Decomposition of organic carbon
4.5.3 Changes of total N
4.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Studies of microbial community composition of some soils associatedwith different organic materials decomposition by the Biolog EcoPlates
5.1 Summary
5.2 Introduction
5.3 Materials and Methods
5.3.1 Study area
5.3.2 Experimental Design and treatment
5.3.3 Microbial biomass Carbon and Nitrogen
5.3.4 BIOLOG analysis
5.3.5 Data processing and analysis
5.4 Results
5.4.1 Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN)
5.4.2 Community level physiological profile (CLPP) of microbial communities of soil
5.4.3 Mean AWCD value
5.4.4 AWCDs of two sampling times under three soil types
5.4.5 Principal component analysis (PCA)
5.4.6 Scree plot
5.5 Discussion
5.6 Conclusions
GENERAL CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
RESUME
本文编号：4014771
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