基于AMT的三轴式混合动力耦合机构的设计与分析

发布时间：2017-12-27 21:37

本文关键词：基于AMT的三轴式混合动力耦合机构的设计与分析　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：混合动力汽车(HEV)结合了纯电动汽车和传统发动机汽车的优点,在节能,排放,行驶里程方面都有很好的表现。根据混合程度和行驶工况的不同,混合动力汽车相对于传统汽车能够实现30-50%的节油效果。丰田混合动力系统THS(Toyota Hybrid System)采用行星排式功率分流机构,称为ECVT(Electronic Continuously Variable Transmission)。通过行星齿轮将发动机,发电机以及电动机的输出动力进行耦合,并通过发电机主动调节发动机转速,保证发动机高效运行。根据驾驶员的驾驶需求以及车辆自身状态,THS能够实现纯电动驱动模式以及混合驱动模式平顺切换,保证动力系统的高效运行。除此之外混合动力汽车大多采用AT(Automatic Transmission),CVT(Continuously Variable Transmission),或者DCT(Dual Clutch Transmission)作为动力耦合机构。通过增加电机以及相应的动力传递路线,实现纯电动驱动以及混合驱动。相对于其它种类的变速箱,AMT(Automatic Mechanical Transmission)变速箱采用齿轮传动,没有液力变矩器和湿式离合器,结构简单,传动效率高达92-98%。然而传统AMT变速箱在换挡过程需要干式离合器分离,即切断发动机与变速箱的动力传递,因此存在换挡过程中动力中断现象,影响乘坐舒适性。如果通过电动机对AMT变速箱换挡过程进行动力补偿,那么高传动效率的AMT变速箱在混合动力车辆中将有非常广阔的应用前景。本文的主要研究内容如下:首先论文提出三种基于AMT的混合动力耦合机构,同时对这三种混合动力耦合机构方案进行详细介绍,包括结构、工作原理以及换挡过程,并对各自的优点和缺点进行了详细分析。分析了混合动力汽车所采用的阿特金森循环发动机,交流永磁同步电机的工作原理,以及技术优势。建立的换挡执行机构的仿真模型,并进行了实验测试。通过AMESim软件搭建应用P-AMT的混合动力车辆模型,同时搭建应用ECVT的混合动力车辆模型。对上述模型进行燃油经济性分析,包括发动机以及电动机的运行情况进行分析。以百公里加速时间为性能指标,对两混合动力车辆进行动力性对比。结果显示采用P-AMT的混合动力车辆模型驱动模式更多,切换更为灵活,发动机启动次数更少,运行效率更高,整体燃油经济性表现更好。同时在行驶过程中不会产生功率循环现象,也减少了不必要的能量消耗。P-AMT的两台电动机与一台发动机在加速过程中可以输出功率可以叠加,整车动力性更好。对P-AMT混合动力耦合机构的换挡过程进行分析,包括混合驱动模式下的换挡过程,以及纯电动模式下的换挡过程。对换挡时间,换挡过程中车辆驱动力矩的变化,以及换挡过程的对车辆车辆冲击度进行分析。
[Abstract]:Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), which combine the advantages of pure electric vehicles and traditional motor vehicles, have good performance in energy saving, emission and mileage. According to the difference of mixing degree and driving condition, the fuel saving effect of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) relative to the traditional vehicle (30-50%) can be realized. The TOYOTA hybrid power system THS (Toyota Hybrid System) uses a planetary row power diverting mechanism called ECVT (Electronic Continuously Variable Transmission). The output power of engine, generator and motor is coupled by planetary gear, and the engine speed is regulated by generator, so that the engine runs efficiently. According to the driver's driving needs and vehicle's own state, THS can realize pure electric drive mode and hybrid driving mode to smooth handover, so as to ensure the efficient operation of power system. In addition, hybrid electric vehicles mostly use AT (Automatic Transmission), CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), or DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission) as power coupling mechanism. The pure electric drive and the hybrid drive are realized by adding the motor and the corresponding power transmission line. Compared with other kinds of gearboxes, AMT (Automatic Mechanical Transmission) gearbox adopts gear transmission, no torque converter and wet clutch. The structure is simple, and the transmission efficiency is as high as 92-98%. However, the traditional AMT gearbox needs the dry clutch separation during shifting process, that is, cutting off the power transmission between engine and gearbox. Therefore, the power interruption phenomenon exists during the shifting process, which affects the ride comfort. If the motor is compensated for the transmission process of the AMT gearbox by motor, then the AMT transmission with high transmission efficiency will have a very wide application prospect in the hybrid vehicle. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the paper proposes three hybrid coupling mechanism based on AMT, and carries on the detailed introduction to these three kinds of hybrid power coupling mechanism scheme, including the structure, working principle and the shifting process, and the respective advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in detail. The Atkinson cycle engine used in the hybrid electric vehicle, the working principle of the AC permanent magnet synchronous motor and the technical advantage are analyzed. The simulation model of the shift actuator was established and the experimental test was carried out. The hybrid vehicle model of P-AMT is built by AMESim software, and a hybrid vehicle model with ECVT is built. The fuel economy of the above model is analyzed, including the operation of the engine and the motor. The dynamic comparison of two hybrid vehicles is carried out with a 100 km acceleration time as the performance index. The results show that the hybrid vehicle model using P-AMT has more driving modes, more flexible switching, fewer engine start-up times, higher operation efficiency and better overall fuel economy performance. At the same time, the power cycle will not occur during the driving process, and the unnecessary energy consumption is reduced. The two motors of P-AMT and an engine can be superimposed on the output power during the acceleration process, and the power performance of the whole vehicle is better. The shift process of the P-AMT hybrid coupling mechanism is analyzed, including the shift process under the mixed drive mode and the shift process under the pure electric mode. The change of the shift time, the change of the driving torque in the shift process and the impact degree of the vehicle in the shift process are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.7

【相似文献】