基于刚柔耦合模型的汽车悬架性能分析及优化

发布时间：2017-12-31 07:45

本文关键词：基于刚柔耦合模型的汽车悬架性能分析及优化　出处：《河北工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：悬架是汽车底盘极为重要的组成部分。现代汽车底盘在开发设计过程中,悬架与车身以及悬架各连接构件之间大量使用橡胶衬套。其目的主要是利用衬套的隔振减噪性能,降低路面激励对车身的振动和冲击,特别是在衰减路面的中高频振动方面,能够有效改善悬架传递特性和整车NVH特性。本文通过ADAMS软件建立了某车型的刚柔耦合模型,结合四立柱乘坐舒适性试验验证了模型低频激励下的准确性,并在中高频振动激励的情况下对衬套刚度进行了优化。本文首先对多体系统动力学理论进行了简要阐述。并根据某款车型的各项参数,利用ADAMS/Car模块建立了整车刚性体模型。为使整车模型更加接近汽车真实状况,在建模过程中运用模态分析的方法,将汽车前副车架和后扭转梁替换为柔性体结构,从而建立整车刚柔耦合模型。为了验证模型的准确性,结合汽车四立柱乘坐舒适性试验的真实试验结果,在低频段(20Hz以下)对该模型悬架传递特性进行了验证。在验证过程中,通过调整橡胶衬套动刚度值、减振器阻尼、弹簧刚度等参数使仿真结果接近真实值。模型验证结束后,论文分析了悬架在中高频(20至100Hz)振动激励下的传递特性。为了改善悬架传递特性,通过ADAMS/Insight技术对底盘各主要橡胶衬套进行了优化。以左前减振器与车身连接点的加速度均方根值作为优化目标,以对悬架性能影响较大的橡胶衬套刚度为优化变量,合理选择优化算法,优化结果表明悬架在中高频段的振动传递特性得到一定改善。为了获得橡胶衬套各向刚度、阻尼等参数,论文按照汽车衬套的外形特点将衬套分为常规衬套、异形衬套、悬置件三类。根据每一类衬套的结构简要概括了工装设计过程和刚度试验方法,具有一定的工程指导意义。
[Abstract]:Suspension is an important part of automobile chassis. Modern automobile chassis is in the process of development and design. A large number of rubber bushing is used between suspension and body as well as the connecting components of suspension. Its purpose is to reduce the vibration and impact of road excitation on the body by using the vibration and noise isolation performance of the bushing. Especially in the aspect of attenuating the middle and high frequency vibration of the road surface, the transfer characteristics of suspension and the NVH characteristics of the whole vehicle can be improved effectively. In this paper, the rigid-flexible coupling model of a certain vehicle model is established by ADAMS software. The accuracy of the model under low frequency excitation is verified by the four column ride comfort test. The stiffness of bushing is optimized in the case of medium and high frequency vibration excitation. Firstly, the dynamics theory of multi-body system is briefly described in this paper, and according to the parameters of a certain type of vehicle. The rigid body model of the whole vehicle is established by using ADAMS/Car module. In order to make the model more close to the real situation of the vehicle, the modal analysis method is used in the process of modeling. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, the rigid flexible coupling model is established by replacing the front subframe and the rear torsional beam with the flexible body structure. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, the true test results of the ride comfort test of the four columns of the automobile are combined. The transfer characteristics of the suspension are verified in the low frequency band below 20 Hz. In the process of verification, the damping of the damper is obtained by adjusting the dynamic stiffness of the rubber bushing. The spring stiffness and other parameters make the simulation results close to the real value. After the model verification, the transfer characteristics of suspension under the vibration excitation of 20 ~ 100 Hz are analyzed in order to improve the transmission characteristics of suspension. The main rubber bushing of chassis was optimized by ADAMS/Insight technology. The RMS value of the joint point between the left front shock absorber and the body was taken as the optimization objective. Taking the stiffness of rubber bushing which has a great influence on the performance of suspension as the optimization variable, the optimization algorithm is reasonably selected. The optimization results show that the vibration transfer characteristics of the suspension in the medium and high frequency band have been improved. In order to obtain the rubber bushing stiffness damping and other parameters the bushing is divided into conventional bushing according to the shape characteristics of the automobile bushing. According to the structure of each kind of bushing, the design process and stiffness test method of tooling are briefly summarized, which has certain engineering guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U463.33

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