基于损伤生物力学的颈部精细化建模及在低速后碰撞中的应用

发布时间：2018-01-01 11:14

本文关键词：基于损伤生物力学的颈部精细化建模及在低速后碰撞中的应用　出处：《华南理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汽车低速后碰撞过程中,安全带和安全气囊对乘员头部和胸部起到很好的保护作用,加速度对颈部的冲击易造成颈部的损伤,颈部损伤已成为低速后碰撞交通事故中最为常见的一种损伤形式。根据日本汽车强制责任保险公司的数据统计,颈部损伤占后碰撞损伤的比例将近80%,在不同形式的碰撞事故中,49.4%的颈部损伤是由后碰撞引起的。因此,深入研究后碰撞中颈部各组织的生物力学响应以及损伤机理,对于汽车的安全性设计具有重要的现实意义。基于完整颈部解剖学结构建立了中国50百分位成年男性高仿生精度的全颈椎生物力学模型,模型由椎骨(密质骨和松质骨)和椎间盘(纤维环、髓核及软骨终板)、韧带、小关节以及肌肉等软组织构成。根据颈部各组织生物力学特性并参考相关文献赋予其特定的材料参数和属性,建立寰枕关节及关节囊韧带等组织完成颈部模型与已有头部生物力学模型的连接。通过头颈部轴向冲击尸体试验、志愿者后碰撞试验和4名中国50百分位成年男性志愿者20km/h急刹车试验对模型有效性进行验证,结果表明,模型具有良好的仿生可靠性,更能精确的反映出中国50百分位成年男性生物力学响应。利用Maria Krafft等人采集的汽车后碰撞加速度曲线,分析了模型在低速后碰撞中的动力学响应以及颈部各组织的生物力学响应。低速后碰撞中颈部先后出现“S”形和“C”形弯曲变形,弯曲变形阶段颈部发生损伤的风险较大,尤其是下段椎骨C7和T1以及C7~T1处椎间盘和小关节发生损伤的风险最大。通过对比不同速度变化率仿真条件下颈部各组织应力值,发现速度变化率的不同会造成颈部不同组织的损伤,减小加速度峰值能够有效降低颈部损伤程度。根据C-NCAP鞭打试验法规,分析了有无头枕以及头枕与头部间的距离和头枕刚度的大小对颈部损伤的影响,结果表明,头枕在后碰撞中对颈部起到了很好的保护效果,减小头枕与头部之间的距离或者增大头枕的刚度均能够降低后碰撞对乘员颈部造成的伤害。文中精细化颈部生物力学模型的建立及仿真分析,对于颈部防护措施的研究、汽车标准法规和新车型自主开发设计规范的制定具有重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The car speed after the collision process, safety belt and airbag to protect the occupant's head and chest, neck of impact acceleration caused by the neck injury, neck injury has become a low speed rear impact injury is the most common form of traffic accident. According to the statistics of Japanese automobile compulsory Liability Insurance Company after accounting for neck injury, collision damage ratio of nearly 80%, in the event of a collision of different forms in 49.4%, neck injury is caused by post collision. Therefore, after studying the collision of cervical biomechanical response and tissue damage mechanism, has important practical significance for the safety design of the car. The complete anatomy of the neck the structure of the whole cervical biomechanical model China 5 thousand adult males with high accuracy based on the model of bionic, consisting of vertebrae (compact bone and cancellous bone and intervertebral disc (fiber) Ring, nucleus pulposus and cartilage endplate), small joints and ligaments, muscles and other soft tissue. According to the biomechanical characteristics of the tissues of neck and literatures give the specific material parameters and attributes, the establishment of the atlanto occipital joint and joint capsule ligament tissue has been completed and connected to the head neck model. Through biomechanical model of head and neck axial impact body test, impact test and 4 volunteers after Chinese 5 thousand adult male volunteers 20km/h brake test to verify the validity of the model results show that the model has good reliability of bionic more accurately, reflect the Chinese 5 thousand adult males biomechanicalresponse. Acceleration curve by Maria Krafft et al collection after the car, analyzes the model at low speed after collision dynamics and the biomechanical response of neck. The neck after low-speed collision Has a "bending S" and "C", the bending deformation stage had higher risk of neck injury, especially under section C7 and T1 vertebrae and C7~T1 intervertebral disc and facet joint injury risk. Through the comparison of different speed variation under the simulation conditions were neck stress values of different fabrics, rate of change will cause different neck tissue damage, reduce the peak acceleration can effectively reduce the neck injury degree. According to C-NCAP whiplash test regulations, analysis with and without head and head and the distance between the head and the headrest stiffness on the size of the impact, neck injury results show that head in after the collision to have good protective effect on the neck, and the head of the reduction between headrest distance or increase headrest stiffness can be decreased after impact on occupant neck injury. The fine neck biomechanics The establishment and simulation analysis of the model is of great significance to the study of neck protection measures, the establishment of vehicle standards and regulations and the development and design of new vehicle models.

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U467.14

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