纯电动吸扫车整体设计及吸尘系统研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 13:13

本文关键词：纯电动吸扫车整体设计及吸尘系统研究　出处：《山东理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展以及城市化进程的不断加速,人们对自身生活环境要求不断提高,城市化进程的发展,使得办公区、厂区等公共场所的数量快速增长,随之而来的环卫保洁问题日趋严重,为减少保洁人员的劳动强度、提高作业效率,环卫保洁工作已经开始使用路面清扫机械,但国内现有的路面清洁设备大都由货车二类底盘改装而成,使用内燃机驱动,体积质量庞大、不灵活,噪声、废气排放问题严重,作业装置采用液压泵驱动,管路系统复杂,液压油泄漏问题突出,基于以上问题,研制无污染、操作轻便灵活、作业装置驱动简单的电动道路清洁设备具有重要的现实意义。本文以纯电动吸扫车为研究对象,通过比较国内外现有的吸扫车基本构型优劣,提出纯电动吸扫车底盘基本结构,通过对清扫机理与垃圾吸入机理进行研究,设计了盘刷清扫系统以及吸尘与除尘气路系统,并重点对吸嘴与重力沉降室进行了流体力学仿真与优化。本文主要工作包括:首先,根据纯电动吸扫车的应用环境对其整体结构进行了设计,将整车分为底盘行驶驱动系统、盘刷清扫系统、吸尘与除尘系统、电气控制系统以及整车电源系统五大系统,并结合纯电动吸扫车自身特点,提出采用行驶电机与作业电机的双电机适时双轴四驱动力系统,特别为作业电机设计了单端输入双端输出传动装置,并对行驶驱动电机、作业电机以及整车电源系统进行了参数匹配计算,得到了各系统相应的参数;其次,在对盘刷清扫系统清扫机理进行研究的基础上,对盘刷系统基本结构、提升电动推杆以及避障弹簧进行了设计匹配,得到了相应的设计参数,并根据参数建立盘刷系统三维结构模型;最后,在对吸尘除尘机理进行研究的基础上,设计了循环式吸尘除尘气路系统,并以流体力学仿真工具Fluent对吸尘吸嘴与重力沉降室进行了仿真优化,旨在减少气路系统能量消耗,提升吸尘作业性能,最终得到吸尘效率更高、耗能较低的吸嘴及重力沉降室;本文在总结国内外纯电动道路清扫车最新研究工作的基础上,对纯电动吸扫车整车驱动系统结构进行了设计,并重点对循环式吸尘除尘系统进行了仿真优化,本研究对于纯电动吸扫车的研究与开发具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the accelerating process of urbanization, people's demands on their own living environment are constantly improving, and the development of urbanization makes the number of public places such as office areas, factories and other public places grow rapidly. The problem of sanitation cleaning is becoming more and more serious. In order to reduce the labor intensity of cleaning workers and improve the working efficiency, sanitation cleaning work has begun to use road cleaning machinery. However, most of the existing road cleaning equipment in China is refitted from the second class chassis of truck, driven by internal combustion engine, large volume and mass, inflexible, noise, serious exhaust gas emission problem, hydraulic pump is used to drive the operating device. Pipeline system is complex, hydraulic oil leakage problem is prominent, based on the above problems, the development of pollution-free, light and flexible operation. The simple electric road cleaning equipment driven by the operating device has important practical significance. This paper takes the pure electric suction vehicle as the research object, by comparing the existing basic configuration of the suction car at home and abroad. This paper puts forward the basic structure of the chassis of pure electric suction vehicle. Through the research on the cleaning mechanism and garbage suction mechanism, the brush cleaning system and the dust and dust scavenging gas path system are designed. The hydrodynamic simulation and optimization of suction nozzle and gravity settling chamber are carried out. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, according to the application environment of pure electric suction sweep vehicle, the overall structure is designed. The whole vehicle is divided into five systems: chassis driving system, brush cleaning system, dust and dust removal system, electrical control system and the whole vehicle power system. In this paper, a two-axis and four-axis driving system with driving motor and working motor is put forward, especially the single-end input double-end output drive device is designed for the working motor, and the driving motor is driven to the operating motor. The parameters of the working motor and the whole vehicle power supply system are calculated and the corresponding parameters of each system are obtained. Secondly, on the basis of the research on the cleaning mechanism of the disk brush cleaning system, the basic structure of the disk brush system, the lifting electric push rod and the obstacle avoidance spring are designed and matched, and the corresponding design parameters are obtained. The 3D structure model of brush system is established according to the parameters. Finally, on the basis of the research on the mechanism of dust collection, the system of circulating dust collection gas path is designed, and the simulation optimization of the suction nozzle and gravity settling chamber is carried out by using the hydrodynamic simulation tool Fluent. The purpose of this paper is to reduce the energy consumption of the gas path system, to improve the performance of dust collection, and finally to obtain suction nozzles and gravity settling chambers with higher dust collection efficiency and lower energy consumption. On the basis of summing up the latest research work of pure electric road cleaning vehicle at home and abroad, this paper designs the driving system structure of the whole vehicle, and focuses on the simulation optimization of the circulating dust and dust removal system. This research has certain guiding significance for the research and development of pure electric suction car.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.691

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