基于转速模拟装置和xPC的ECU硬件在环仿真平台开发

发布时间：2018-01-06 23:34

本文关键词：基于转速模拟装置和xPC的ECU硬件在环仿真平台开发　出处：《北京理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着相关法规对汽车动力性、经济性以及排放特性要求的日益严格,汽车发动机的控制要求也不断提升,发动机电子控制单元ECU不仅数量持续上升,其功能性和复杂性也不断提高。针对ECU开发和测试的硬件在环仿真方法也越来越受到重视,相比传统测试方法,硬件在环不仅有可重复性高、即时性好、工况全面等优点,而且还缩短了开发周期,降低了对控制效果未知情况下的开发设计风险。尽管目前已有很多公司推出了硬件在环仿真平台,且有较好的兼容性与实时性,但其大多采用各自专用的仿真系统与硬件设备,在后期可扩展性与使用成本上存在很大的不足,难以满足学校、科研院所对完成大量的多种多样的科研任务的需求。因此,使用通用计算机系统和普通工业用硬件设备的硬件在环仿真平台的研究开发,具有相当大的实际意义。本文针对发动机电子控制单元ECU的硬件组成和工作原理,对目前主流的硬件在环仿真平台特点进行总结,根据硬件在环测试原理,使用MATLAB/Simulink与RTW相结合,制定了基于转速模拟装置和xPC的ECU硬件在环测试方案。应用xPC Target实时仿真环境,采用自主研发的发动机ECU管理系统,以Simulinik模型模拟发动机及其运行工况,不同于一般硬件在环平台,还通过PID模型控制实现了转速模拟装置的转速闭环控制,使转速模拟装置的真实转速直观反映了发动机模型转速和ECU工作状态,从而建立起实时硬件在环仿真平台。平台开发首先完成了xPC Target实时仿真环境的搭建,选取NI PCI6221多功能板卡和NI PCI6713模拟输出板卡,结合xPC Target接口模块和驱动组成数据采集系统;之后根据需求完成硬件在环平台的硬件设计,包括转速模拟装置、转速信号调理电路和喷油脉宽信号调理电路等等;通过对发动机性能及原理的研究分析,建立了适合本发动机ECU的Simulink发动机平均值模型、测功机模型,根据实际信号情况和接口设备要求,建立了信号采集处理模型、信号输出处理模型,并对模型进行了离线和实时仿真验证与完善。最后在上述软硬件基础上,实现了基于转速模拟装置和xPC的ECU硬件在环仿真系统原型平台开发。利用系统进行了实验研究,完成数据采集功能,证实该系统能够较好的模拟发动机实际工作状态,为ECU测试及平台改进工作奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly stringent requirements of automotive power, economy and emission characteristics, the control requirements of automotive engines are also increasing, and the number of engine electronic control units (ECU) is not only increasing. The hardware in loop simulation method for ECU development and testing has been paid more and more attention. Compared with the traditional testing methods, the hardware in loop not only has high repeatability, but also has good instantaneity. Comprehensive operating conditions and other advantages, but also shorten the development cycle, reduce the risk of development and design in the case of unknown control effect, although there are many companies have introduced hardware in the loop simulation platform. And has good compatibility and real-time, but most of them use their own special simulation system and hardware equipment, in the later extensibility and use cost of a lot of shortcomings, it is difficult to meet the school. The research institute needs to complete a large number of scientific research tasks. Therefore, the research and development of the hardware in loop simulation platform using the general computer system and the common industrial hardware equipment. According to the hardware composition and working principle of the engine electronic control unit (ECU), this paper summarizes the characteristics of the current main hardware in loop simulation platform, according to the principle of hardware in loop testing. Use MATLAB/Simulink in conjunction with RTW. The ECU hardware in loop test scheme based on rotational speed simulator and xPC is developed. The real-time simulation environment of xPC Target is used and the engine ECU management system is developed independently. The Simulinik model is used to simulate the engine and its operating conditions, which is different from the general hardware in the loop platform. The speed closed-loop control of the rotating speed simulator is also realized through the PID model control. The real rotational speed of the speed simulator can reflect the engine model speed and the ECU working state directly. Thus the real-time hardware in loop simulation platform is established. Firstly, the xPC Target real-time simulation environment is built. Select NI PCI6221 multi-function board and NI PCI6713 analog output board, combine xPC Target interface module and driver to constitute data acquisition system; Then the hardware design of the hardware in the loop platform is completed according to the demand, including the speed analog device, the speed signal conditioning circuit and the fuel injection pulse width signal conditioning circuit and so on. Through the research and analysis of engine performance and principle, the average value model and dynamometer model of Simulink engine suitable for the engine ECU are established, according to the actual signal situation and the requirements of the interface equipment. The signal acquisition and processing model and the signal output processing model are established, and the model is verified and perfected offline and real-time. Finally, on the basis of the above software and hardware. The prototype platform of ECU hardware-in-loop simulation system based on rotational speed simulator and xPC is developed. It is proved that the system can simulate the actual working state of engine and lay a foundation for ECU test and platform improvement.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.6

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