某电动汽车悬架设计及平顺性仿真

发布时间：2018-03-01 17:48

本文关键词： 电动汽车悬架设计平顺性 ADAMS/Car 优化仿真　出处：《辽宁工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来能源危机和环境问题日益剧增,然而燃油汽车即是能源消耗最大用户之一,又是造成环境污染的主要污染源之一。为了解决能源与环境问题电动汽车走上了汽车舞台,因为电动汽车节能环保,低污染被政府和汽车商们所看重。由于大部分电动汽车的悬架部分都是燃油汽车改装而来,相对于燃油汽车电动机、电池和特定有的传动装置取代了发动机及其相关传动系组件,这样一来车身的质量相对增大,质心的位置也随之发生改变。因此原有的悬架不能很好的匹配改装后的电动汽车,这样就会影响电动汽车的整体性能。因此需要对电动汽车的悬架各个部件进行从新设计、优化以改善电动汽车整车性能。本文研究的是一款代步电动汽车,更注重行驶中汽车舒适程度,因此主要研究悬架对整车平顺性方面为入手点。首先,论文对多体动力学原理和柔性体在ADAMS中建立的方法进行了阐述。然后,通过某一款电动车所提供的整车基本数据来设计其前、后悬架,用CAD实体建模软件(CATIA)建立前后悬架系统的几何模型。从CATIA中提取出在多体动力学ADAMS/Car中搭建前后悬架模型所需要的硬点坐标。通过与ADAMS/Car中提供的悬架系统试验台相结合,分别完成±50mm双轮同向跳动试验,找出微型电动汽车前、后悬架系统在随车轮跳动过程中变化不合理的车轮定位参数。以不合理的定位参数为试验对象,应用ADAMS/Insight模块,对不合理的定位参数进行多目标遗传算法优化,使其尽可能达到理想的设计变化范围。最后,将定位参数优化后的前后悬架对其柔性化处理并搭建整车刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型后对整车平顺性仿真,根据仿真结果对微型电动汽车悬架特性进行评价。通过对整车的平顺性仿真可以看出,电动汽车在高速行驶过程中产生的振动会对人体造成伤害,低速时候不会出现任何不良现象,因此满足我们所设计要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the energy crisis and environmental problems have been increasing rapidly. However, fuel vehicles are not only one of the largest users of energy consumption, but also one of the main sources of environmental pollution. In order to solve the problem of energy and environment, electric vehicles have stepped onto the automobile stage. Because electric vehicles are energy efficient and environmentally friendly, low pollution is valued by governments and automakers. Because most of the suspension of electric vehicles is modified from fuel-powered cars, compared to electric motors, Batteries and specific drives replace the engine and its associated drivetrain components, so the mass of the body increases and the center of mass changes. So the original suspension doesn't match the modified electric vehicle very well. This will affect the overall performance of electric vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign and optimize the suspension components of electric vehicles in order to improve the performance of electric vehicles. More attention is paid to the comfort degree of the vehicle while driving, so it is mainly studied that the suspension is suitable for the ride of the whole vehicle. Firstly, the principle of multi-body dynamics and the method of establishing flexible body in ADAMS are expounded in this paper. Design the front and rear suspensions through the basic data of the whole vehicle provided by a certain electric vehicle, The geometric model of the front and rear suspension system is established by using the CAD solid modeling software (CATIA). The hard point coordinates needed to build the front and rear suspension model in the multi-body dynamics ADAMS/Car are extracted from the CATIA. By combining with the suspension system test bench provided in ADAMS/Car, the geometric model of the front and rear suspension system is established. The 卤50mm double-wheel codirectional test was completed to find out the unreasonable wheel positioning parameters in the front and rear suspension system of the micro electric vehicle. Taking the unreasonable positioning parameters as the test object, the ADAMS/Insight module was applied. The unreasonable location parameters are optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm to make it reach the ideal design range as far as possible. Finally, After the optimization of positioning parameters, the front and rear suspensions are treated with flexibility and the vehicle ride comfort is simulated after the rigid and flexible coupling virtual prototype model is built. According to the simulation results, the suspension characteristics of the micro electric vehicle are evaluated. Through the simulation of the ride comfort of the whole vehicle, it can be seen that the vibration generated by the electric vehicle during the high speed driving will cause harm to the human body. At low speed there will not be any bad phenomena, so meet our design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72;U463.33

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