车用汽油质量分析及快速检测方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 10:12

本文选题：汽油　切入点：质量　出处：《西南石油大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着现代产业和经济的发展进步,成品油市场也随之不断扩大。然而市场上的汽油质量好坏兼而有之,劣质油不单造成大量汽车出现质量问题,还加重了汽车尾气对空气污染的程度。在发展低碳环保经济、实现可持续发展的趋势下,严格的环境法规和质量要求推动我国汽油产品标准不断提升,这就需要有更加科学准确的检测技术为保障,更新更完备的检测方法作为科学依据,从而逐步完善质量标准体系。本论文主要完成了以下研究,并从中获得了一些新认识：(1)对四川省车用汽油的质量情况进行了随机抽检,根据国家汽油标准和企业内控指标综合分析了710组油样数据,发现目前市场上普遍存在使用非常规抗爆剂调和汽油的现象,证实了国家汽油标准中并未对汽油添加剂做出限量规定,提出了研究非常规抗爆剂对汽油质量指标影响的必要性。(2)根据N-甲基苯胺、甲缩醛、甲醇和碳酸二甲酯的危害性和检出率,分析了它们给油品安全带来的风险程度。结果表明,现阶段四川省车用汽油质量情况并不理想,部分油品疑为化工调和油,且大多数油品中都含有甲缩醛、N-甲基苯胺和甲醇,这样的化工调和油存在较大的风险,必须采取措施防止此类油品流通于市场。(3)采用台架试验、物相定量分析、化学分析和物理性能测试等方法,对比分析了几种抗爆剂的作用效果以及对汽油各项理化指标的影响规律。实验结果表明,采用N-甲基苯胺等非常规抗爆剂虽然能有效提升汽油辛烷值,并具有巨大的经济效益,但它们对油品的挥发性、腐蚀性、安定性能方面可能会产生不良影响,所以应限制这些非常规抗爆剂的使用。(4)通过使用中红外汽油机分别进行样品和空白油样加标测试实验,计算出检测非常规抗爆剂的检出限,分析该仪器的精密度和准确度,并对该仪器测试的非常规抗爆剂含量进行线性拟合分析,验证了中红外汽油机可以较为准确、可靠地定量测试出汽油中的非常规抗爆剂。(5)采用多维气相色谱,通过观察向基础油中加入已知物质后多维气相色谱图谱的变化规律,以此判断分析汽油是否为化工调和油。实验结果表明,多维气相色谱法能区分出加入了化工废料的调和油与直炼油,所以可以通过油品在多维气相色谱图谱内的变化来判定油品中是否添加了化工废料,从而提高油品质量管理水平。(6)结合实验结果及实际工作经验,提出了合理的快速检验顺序,为车用汽油的质量检验工作节约能源、节省资金提供有力的依据,为快速准确判断油品是否合格提供了新方法与新思路。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of modern industry and economy, the market for refined oil products is also expanding. However, the quality of gasoline in the market is both good and bad, and poor quality oil not only results in a large number of automobile quality problems. It also increases the degree of air pollution caused by automobile exhaust. Under the trend of developing a low-carbon environmental economy and achieving sustainable development, strict environmental regulations and quality requirements promote the continuous improvement of gasoline product standards in China. This requires more scientific and accurate detection technology as the guarantee, updating more complete detection methods as the scientific basis, so as to gradually improve the quality standard system. And gained some new understanding: (1) random sampling inspection of gasoline quality in Sichuan Province, and comprehensive analysis of 710 sets of oil sample data according to national gasoline standard and enterprise internal control index. It is found that there is a widespread use of unconventional antiknock agents to blend gasoline in the market at present, which confirms that there is no limit on gasoline additives in the national gasoline standards. The necessity of studying the influence of unconventional antiknock agents on gasoline quality index is put forward. According to the harmfulness and detection rate of N-methylaniline, methylaldehyde, methanol and dimethyl carbonate, the risk degree of their safety to oil products is analyzed. At the present stage, the quality of gasoline used in vehicles in Sichuan Province is not satisfactory. Some of the oils are suspected to be chemical blending oils, and most of them contain methylaldehydes, N-methylaniline and methanol. Measures must be taken to prevent the circulation of such oil in the market. The effects of several kinds of antiknock agents and their effects on the physicochemical indexes of gasoline were compared and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the use of non-conventional antiknock agents such as N-methylaniline could effectively increase the octane number of gasoline and have great economic benefits. However, they may have adverse effects on the volatility, corrosion and stability of oil products. Therefore, the use of these unconventional antiknock agents should be restricted. The detection limit of the unconventional antiknock agent is calculated, the precision and accuracy of the instrument are analyzed, and the linear fitting analysis of the unconventional antiknock agent content measured by the instrument is carried out, which verifies that the mid-infrared gasoline engine can be more accurate. The unconventional antiknock agent in gasoline was tested reliably and quantitatively. The multi-dimensional gas chromatography was used to observe the change rule of multi-dimensional gas chromatogram after adding known substances to the base oil. The experimental results show that multi-dimensional gas chromatography can distinguish the blending oil added with chemical waste from direct refining. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether chemical waste has been added to the oil by the change of the oil products in the multidimensional gas chromatogram, so as to improve the quality management level of the oil products. (6) combined with the experimental results and practical work experience, a reasonable and rapid inspection sequence is put forward. It can save energy and save money for the quality inspection of automobile gasoline. It also provides a new method and new idea for quick and accurate judging whether the oil is qualified or not.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U473.11

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