内置永磁体磁流变阻尼器悬架研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 21:29

本文选题：内置永磁体磁流变阻尼器　切入点：半主动悬架　出处：《合肥工业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：悬架系统是汽车底盘的重要组成部分,对汽车的乘坐舒适性、行驶安全性等有着重要的影响。具有磁流变阻尼器的半主动悬架以其能耗小、响应快、调节方便、结构简单等优点一直是汽车领域的研究热点之一,而将永磁体引入磁流变阻尼器对具有该内置永磁体磁流变阻尼器的汽车悬架系统进行研究在国内外尚不多见。将永磁体引入磁流变阻尼器后可以显著提高阻尼器的综合性能,对汽车悬架系统的动力学特性有着重要的改善作用。本文以内置永磁体磁流变阻尼器的设计、建模为核心,完成了整车半主动悬架的数学建模；设计了模糊控制、萤火虫PID控制、果蝇最优控制算法,进行了大量的仿真和试验研究。主要包括以下内容：(1)针对当前磁流变阻尼器不足之处,基于磁流变液的工作原理,提出了新型内置永磁体磁流变阻尼器结构；并基于磁场工作模式及节能型阻尼器的设计原理,完成了该阻尼器的设计制作。(2)分别基于通电螺线管的磁场模型和永磁体磁荷模型建立阻尼通道内混合磁场模型,在此基础上采用Bingham模型建立阻尼器数学模型及汽车半主动悬架数学模型。(3)基于上述模型,对阻尼器进行示功特性和速度特性仿真试验,证明该阻尼器可以达到汽车悬架阻尼器的使用要求；进而,在不同算法控制下对新型半主动悬架进行了仿真试验,证明了设计的半主动悬架具有良好的工作性能；同时在高速公路及城市交通工况下进行了悬架能耗仿真试验,结果证明了内置永磁体磁流变半主动悬架具有一定的节能作用。(4)对常规果蝇优化算法的迭代模式进行改进使之适合于对最优控制器的寻优;同时,将果蝇群均匀分布操作、果蝇群半径随迭代次数增加而减小操作引入其中,设计新型的果蝇优化算法；在此基础上,根据半主动悬架的控制要求设计了果蝇最优控制算法。(5)基于D2P平台搭建半主动悬架快速控制原型试验系统,基于dSPACE平台搭建半主动悬架硬件在环仿真系统,对研究的悬架控制系统进行了仿真试验；结果表明研究的悬架控制算法与控制策略具有良好控制效果。(6)搭建了阻尼器试验台,对阻尼器进行了示功试验和速度特性试验,结果表明设计的阻尼器可以达到汽车悬架的使用标准；搭建了四分之一悬架试验台及实车道路试验系统,进行了台架试验和实车道路试验；结果也证明了设计的半主动悬架系统具有良好的工作性能。
[Abstract]:Suspension system is an important part of automobile chassis, which has an important influence on ride comfort, driving safety and so on. Semi-active suspension with magnetorheological damper has the advantages of low energy consumption, fast response and convenient adjustment. The advantages of simple structure have always been one of the research hotspots in automobile field. However, the study of the vehicle suspension system with the built-in permanent magnet magneto-rheological damper is rare at home and abroad, and the comprehensive performance of the damper can be improved significantly by introducing the permanent magnet into the magneto-rheological damper. This paper takes the design and modeling of the built-in permanent magnet magneto-rheological damper as the core, completes the mathematical modeling of the vehicle semi-active suspension, and designs the fuzzy control. The PID control of firefly and the optimal control algorithm of Drosophila have been studied by simulation and experiment. The main contents are as follows: 1) aiming at the shortcomings of the current Mr damper, based on the principle of magnetorheological fluid, A new type of magneto-rheological damper with built-in permanent magnet is proposed, and the design principle of the magnetic field working mode and the energy saving damper is presented. The design and fabrication of the damper are completed. (2) based on the magnetic field model of the solenoid and the magnetic charge model of the permanent magnet, the mixed magnetic field model in the damping channel is established. On this basis, the damper mathematical model and vehicle semi-active suspension mathematical model are established by using Bingham model and vehicle semi-active suspension mathematical model. Based on the above model, the power performance and velocity characteristics of the damper are simulated. It is proved that the damper can meet the requirements of vehicle suspension damper, and the simulation test of the new semi-active suspension is carried out under the control of different algorithms, which proves that the designed semi-active suspension has good working performance. At the same time, the suspension energy consumption simulation test is carried out under the conditions of expressway and urban traffic. The results show that the built-in permanent magnet magnetorheological semi-active suspension has a certain energy-saving effect. The iterative mode of the conventional Drosophila optimization algorithm is improved to make it suitable for the optimization of the optimal controller, and at the same time, the drosophila colony is uniformly distributed. The radius of Drosophila population decreases with the number of iterations, and a new optimization algorithm is designed. According to the control requirements of semi-active suspension, the optimal control algorithm of Drosophila was designed. The prototype system of rapid control of semi-active suspension was built based on D2P platform, and the hardware in loop simulation system of semi-active suspension was built based on dSPACE platform. The results show that the suspension control algorithm and control strategy have good control effect. The results show that the damper can meet the application standard of automobile suspension, and the 1/4 suspension test bench and the real vehicle road test system are built, and the bench test and the real vehicle road test are carried out. The results also show that the designed semi-active suspension system has good performance.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.33

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