多自由度塑料油箱冲击试验台控制系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-04-03 05:28

本文选题：塑料油箱　切入点：PLC　出处：《齐鲁工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着汽车行业的飞速发展,汽车已经取代其他工具成为了人们主要的交通工具。为了节约能源、降低成本,汽车轻量化已成为汽车工业的重要发展趋势,这一趋势使得汽车使用塑料油箱的比例大大增加。汽车油箱作为汽车的重要部件直接影响到汽车质量以及安全性能的好坏,因而对汽车油箱质量的检测成为汽车油箱生产的重要环节,塑料油箱冲击试验台的研制工作就显得格外的重要。塑料油箱冲击试验台是现在油箱生产企业必须购买的实验设备,这在国外已经非常普遍,但是对于国内很多汽车油箱生产企业来说,冲击试验台的应用还是一个新兴的课题,所以设计这样的一种设备是比较受欢迎的。本文在分析研究试验台整机各部分机械结构和运行方式的基础上,设计了基于三菱PLC和MCGS触摸屏的控制系统。控制系统充分利用了PLC的稳定可靠、触摸屏友好灵活以及两者具有良好兼容性的特点进行了塑料油箱冲击试验台控制系统的研制,整个控制系统以PLC为核心控制设备,控制冲击试验台的正常运行,系统以触摸屏作为人机交互界面,在操作员的操作下完成塑料油箱冲击试验过程,实时更新数据。试验台中输入量和输出量连接在分布式输入输出设备上,通过PLC和MCGS触摸屏完成对输入输出量的控制。本试验台用于塑料油箱的耐冲击性能试验。全自动塑料油箱冲击试验台控制系统以PLC和人机交互界面触摸屏联合控制的方法,实现了冲击试验台的基本控制要求。同时基于摆锤冲击理论的计算得出,摆锤撞击中心和塑料油箱的撞击位置需要在一条水平直线上面,因此通过对冲击试验台机构平面的坐标系建立以及伺服电机和PID控制算法的引入,实现了摆锤的精确定位,通过在触摸屏上面设置输入坐标或者给定的冲击位置曲线方程,摆锤定位系统能够通过伺服电机编码器的实时反馈实现摆锤的撞击中心和撞击位置精确重合。通过对与现有塑料油箱冲击试验台相比,三个轴自由度可调可以实现各个尺寸的塑料油箱冲击试验并能够实现各个方向速度可调,编码器结构可以通过在上位机灵活的选择摆锤的仰角从而实现各种能量的摆锤冲击试验,而且通过与上位机的通信免去了繁杂的人力操作,实现了自动化操作的功能。本文对试验用的试验台做了仿真测试,机械结构衔接合理,并进行了试验测试。整机系统操作合理、人机交互界面友好、系统可靠性程度高,可以完成对塑料油箱冲击试验的测试,具有一定的使用价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of automobile industry, automobile has replaced other tools as the main means of transportation.In order to save energy and reduce cost, automobile lightweight has become an important development trend of automobile industry, which makes the proportion of plastic fuel tank used in automobile increase greatly.The research and development of the plastic fuel tank impact test rig is particularly important.The plastic fuel tank impact test rig is the experimental equipment that must be purchased by the fuel tank manufacturers now, which has become very common abroad. However, for many domestic automobile fuel tank manufacturers, the application of the impact test rig is still a new topic.So the design of such a device is more popular.Based on the analysis of the mechanical structure and operation mode of the whole machine, a control system based on Mitsubishi PLC and MCGS touch screen is designed in this paper.The control system makes full use of the stability and reliability of PLC, the friendly and flexible touch screen and the good compatibility between the two. The control system of the impact test bench for plastic fuel tank is developed. The whole control system is based on PLC.To control the normal operation of the impact test rig, the system takes the touch screen as the man-machine interface, completes the impact test process of the plastic fuel tank under the operator's operation, and updates the data in real time.The input and output are connected to the distributed input and output device in the test-bed, and the input and output quantity is controlled by PLC and MCGS touch screen.This test rig is used for the impact resistance test of plastic fuel tank.The control system of automatic plastic fuel tank impact test bed is controlled by PLC and man-machine interactive interface touch screen. The basic control requirements of impact test bench are realized.At the same time, based on the calculation of pendulum impact theory, it is found that the impact position of the pendulum impact center and plastic fuel tank needs to be above a horizontal straight line.Therefore, the precise positioning of the pendulum is realized by establishing the plane coordinate system of the impact test-bed and introducing the servo motor and PID control algorithm. By setting the input coordinate or the given impact position curve equation on the touch screen,The pendulum positioning system can realize the precise coincidence of the impact center and the impact position of the pendulum by the real-time feedback of the servo motor encoder.Compared with the existing plastic fuel tank impact test bench, the three axis degrees of freedom can be adjusted to realize the impact test of the plastic fuel tank of all sizes and the speed of each direction can be adjusted.The encoder structure can flexibly select the elevation angle of the pendulum hammer in the upper computer so as to realize all kinds of energy pendulum impact test, and the communication with the upper computer eliminates the complicated manual operation and realizes the function of automatic operation.In this paper, the test bench is simulated, the mechanical structure is connected reasonably, and the test is carried out.The whole system has the advantages of reasonable operation, friendly man-machine interface and high reliability. It can be used to test the impact test of plastic fuel tank.
【学位授予单位】：齐鲁工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U467.52;TP273

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