能量回馈型无刷直流电机控制器的研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 01:17

本文选题：无刷直流电机 + STM32F103　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着能源的消耗与环境的恶化,重压之下电动汽车产学研得到快速发展。作为电动汽车三大关键技术之一的电机及其控制亦得到了广泛关注,本文以市场上存在的无刷直流电机控制器为基础,结合电动汽车发展需求对其进行进一步的功能丰富与性能优化,最终研制成功一款能量回馈型无刷直流电机控制器。深入理解无刷直流电机的基本结构与原理,着重分析其电动运行以及回馈制动时的工作状态,确定其处于不同工作状态下时功率MOS管的调制方式并制定控制方案。设计了电动运行时模糊与PI的双闭环调速系统,速度环采用模糊控制,电流环采用PI控制,具有响应更快、实时性更好的特点;回馈制动时电流限制方法,在一定程度上限制了回馈电流的峰值,保证了电池的充电安全。明确电动汽车用无刷直流电机控制器功能与性能要求,在控制方案指导下,运用Protel 99 SE软件进行各模块硬件电路设计。采用集成模块与分立元件相结合的思路,在保证硬件系统可靠性的前提下降低了控制器的成本,主要由主控电路、电源电路、信号隔离电路、功率电路以及检测电路等五大部分组成。再以此硬件为依托,利用模块化的程序编译思想,运用Keil MDK软件设计出一套完整的主控MCU软件解决方案,实现了模糊控制算法和PI控制算法并组成了双闭环调速系统,完成了制动时的能量回馈并限制了回馈电流,加强了电流、电压的检测与保护,完善了控制器的功能,提升了其性能。依据控制器软硬件设计的要求与成果搭建了57BL55电机以及80BL130电机试验台架。57BL55S电机试验台架用作调试,检测所设计的无刷直流电机控制器硬件可行性,进行程序调试,实现其功能;80BL130电机试验台架用作测试,检测所设计的无刷直流电机控制器软硬件可靠性,进行动态测试,完善其性能。试验结果表明本文所设计的能量回馈型无刷直流电机控制器,起动平稳、调速快捷;实现了回馈制动,符合其功能与性能要求。
[Abstract]:With the consumption of energy and the deterioration of the environment, the production and research of electric vehicles under heavy pressure has developed rapidly. As one of the three key technologies of electric vehicle, motor and its control have been paid more and more attention. This paper is based on the brushless DC motor controller in the market. According to the development demand of electric vehicle, the controller of brushless DC motor with energy feedback is developed successfully by further function enrichment and performance optimization. The basic structure and principle of brushless DC motor (BLDCM) are deeply understood. The working state of brushless DC motor (BLDCM) when it is in electric operation and feedback braking is analyzed emphatically. The modulation mode of power MOS tube under different working conditions is determined and the control scheme is worked out. A double closed loop speed regulation system with fuzzy and Pi in electric operation is designed. The speed loop adopts fuzzy control, the current loop adopts Pi control, which has the characteristics of faster response and better real-time performance. The peak value of feedback current is limited to a certain extent and the charge safety of battery is ensured. The function and performance requirements of brushless DC motor controller for electric vehicle are defined. Under the guidance of the control scheme, the hardware circuit of each module is designed with Protel 99SE software. Using the idea of integrating the integrated module and the discrete components, the cost of the controller is reduced under the premise of guaranteeing the reliability of the hardware system. The main control circuit, the power supply circuit and the signal isolation circuit are mainly used. The power circuit and the detection circuit are composed of five parts. Based on this hardware, using the modular program compiling idea and using Keil MDK software to design a set of complete master control MCU software solution, the fuzzy control algorithm and Pi control algorithm are realized, and a double closed loop speed regulation system is formed. The energy feedback during braking is completed and the feedback current is limited, the detection and protection of current and voltage are strengthened, the function of controller is improved and its performance is improved. According to the requirements and results of the hardware and software design of the controller, the 57BL55 motor and the 80BL130 motor test-bed .57BL55S motor test stand are built for debugging, the hardware feasibility of the designed brushless DC motor controller is tested, and the program debugging is carried out. The 80BL130 motor test bench is used to test the reliability of the designed brushless DC motor controller software and hardware, and the dynamic test is carried out to improve its performance. The experimental results show that the controller of energy feedback brushless DC motor designed in this paper is stable in starting and fast in speed regulation, and the feedback braking is realized, which meets the requirements of its function and performance.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72

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