车载碱液制氢机性能试验及仿真研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 16:10

本文选题：车载碱液制氢机 + 制氢速率　；参考：《北京工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着能源和环境问题的日益严峻,节能减排已经成为车辆动力系统未来发展的必然趋势。氢气具有良好的物化性质,向进气中掺混少量氢气即能有效改善内燃机热效率,并降低有害排放,所以掺氢是改善现有汽油机性能的有效方法。然而,氢气大量随车储存有安全隐患,且氢气基础设施建设的匮乏也为车辆实际使用中加氢带来了困难。使用车载碱液制氢机可以实现氢气的随车制取,从而解决了掺氢汽油机存在的氢气加注与随车存储问题。车载碱液制氢机利用发电机提供的电能电解碱液制氢,因为碱液制氢机自身的效率与制氢速率对掺氢内燃机整机性能会产生明显影响。本文利用试验的手段研究了金属离子和添加剂对车载碱液制氢机性能的影响,并利用仿真的手段研究了优化后车载碱液制氢机对掺氢汽油机轿车的整车经济性的影响。本文研究了车载碱液制氢机电解效率、制氢速率和制氢效率的影响因素,设计并完成了制氢测试系统实验台搭建。实验台主要由电解槽、控制测量系统和冷却干燥系统三部分组成,可以实现对电解液浓度、电解温度、电解压力和电解电流的控制。针对向车载碱液制氢机加水带入的金属离子导致制氢效率降低的问题,在制氢测试系统实验台上研究了加入含不同浓度的Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)溶液对车载碱液制氢机性能的影响。在电解电流为30A,初始温度为19.7℃,电解压力为0.1MPa条件下,电解2L质量分数为30%的KOH溶液与其对应加入50m L含不同金属离子浓度溶液进行比较。针对掺氢汽油机轿车使用的车载碱液制氢机制氢效率偏低的问题,在制氢测试系统实验台上研究了加入添加剂对车载碱液制氢机性能的影响。重点研究了在电解电流为40A,初始温度为23.7℃,电解压力为0.1MPa条件下,向质量分数为20%、30%和40%的单位体积KOH溶液中加入0.3g重铬酸钾对车载碱液制氢机性能的影响。通过向KOH溶液中加入添加剂的方法优化车载碱液制氢机性能。使用AVL Cruise软件研究了优化后车载碱液制氢机对掺氢汽油机轿车整车经济性的影响。金属离子对车载碱液制氢机性能影响的试验研究结果表明:随着电解的进行,KOH溶液的电解温度升高,在其它条件保持不变时,电解电压降低,制氢速率和制氢效率上升。向KOH溶液加入含Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)的溶液后,Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)浓度越高,对应的电解电压越高且随时间延长的下降趋势越小,制氢速率和制氢效率越低且上升趋势越小。添加剂对车载碱液制氢机性能影响的试验研究结果表明:在质量分数分别为20%、30%和40%的KOH溶液加入重铬酸钾电解电压分别降低0.16V、0.19V和0.09V,制氢效率分别提高2.14%、2.78%和1.46%,制氢效率比分别提高5.23%、6.71%和3.47%。在质量分数为30%的KOH溶液加入重铬酸钾效果较好,可以有效提高制氢效率。优化后车载碱液制氢机对掺氢汽油机轿车整车经济性影响的仿真研究结果表明:搭载优化后车载碱液制氢机相比于搭载原车载碱液制氢机的汽油累计消耗量有所降低,改善了掺氢汽油机轿车整车经济性。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly severe energy and environmental problems, energy conservation and emission reduction has become an inevitable trend in the future development of vehicle power systems. Hydrogen has good physical and chemical properties. Mixing a small amount of hydrogen into the intake air can effectively improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines and reduce harmful emissions, so hydrogen is an effective way to improve the performance of existing gasoline engines. In addition, there is a large number of hidden dangers in the storage of hydrogen, and the lack of hydrogen infrastructure construction is also difficult for the actual use of hydrogen in the vehicle. The electric energy electrolysis alkaline solution can produce hydrogen, because the efficiency and hydrogen production rate of the alkaline liquid hydrogen maker will have an obvious effect on the performance of the whole engine. In this paper, the effects of metal ions and additives on the performance of the vehicle alkali liquid hydrogen making machine are studied by means of experiments, and the optimization of hydrogen production by vehicle alkali liquid is studied by means of imitation. This paper studies the influence factors of the electrolysis efficiency, the hydrogen production rate and the hydrogen production efficiency of the vehicle hydrogen generator, designs and completes the construction of the experiment platform of the hydrogen production test system. The experimental platform consists of three parts, the electrolyzer, the control measurement system and the cooling drying system, which can be realized. The influence of adding different concentrations of Zn~ (2+), Fe~ (3+) and Cu~ (2+) solution on the performance of the vehicle hydrogen generator is studied on the test system of hydrogen production test system. The electrolysis current is 30A, the initial temperature is 19.7 C, the electrolysis pressure is 0.1MPa, the KOH solution of electrolytic 2L mass fraction is 30% and its corresponding adding 50m L with different metal ions concentration solution. The effect of adding additives on the performance of a vehicle base liquid hydrogen maker was studied. The effect of adding 0.3g potassium dichromate to the performance of a vehicle base liquid hydrogen producer in KOH solution with mass fraction of 20%, 30% and 40% under the condition of electrolysis current of 40A, initial temperature of 23.7 and 0.1MPa was studied. AVL Cruise software was used to study the influence of the optimized vehicle hydrogen generator on the economy of the hydrogen doped gasoline engine. The experimental results of the influence of metal ions on the performance of the car base liquid hydrogen generator showed that the electrolysis temperature of the KOH solution increased with the electrolysis. When the other conditions remain unchanged, the electrolysis voltage decreases, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen production efficiency increase. After adding a solution containing Zn~ (2+), Fe~ (3+) and Cu~ (2+) to the KOH solution, the higher the concentration of Zn~ (2+), Fe~ (3+) and Cu~ (), the higher the corresponding electrolysis voltage and the decreasing trend of the decrease with time, the lower the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen production efficiency and the smaller the rising trend. The experimental results of the effects of additives on the performance of the car base liquid hydrogen maker show that the electrolytic voltage of KOH with 20%, 30% and 40% respectively decreases 0.16V, 0.19V and 0.09V, the hydrogen production efficiency is increased by 2.14%, 2.78% and 1.46% respectively, and the hydrogen production efficiency is increased by 5.23%, 6.71% and 3.47%. in the mass fraction of 30%, respectively. The effect of KOH solution added to potassium dichromate is better, and the efficiency of hydrogen production can be improved effectively. The simulation results of the optimization of the economic effect of the car based alkaline liquid hydrogen generator on the whole vehicle of the hydrogen doped gasoline engine show that the accumulative consumption of the gasoline in the vehicle base liquid hydrogen generator is lower than that of the vehicle carrying the original vehicle base liquid hydrogen generator. The hydrogen doped gasoline engine is economical.

【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U464.136

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