新能源客车轻量化技术路径研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 13:01

本文选题：新能源客车 + 轻量化设计　；参考：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,在能源和环境危机的双重压力下,世界各国对汽车节能环保越来越重视,新能源汽车应运而生。中国新能源客车也得以飞速发展,年销量突破7万辆,成为各大客车企业竞相开发的新产品。然而,目前新能源客车大多是在原有客车结构基础上通过改变动力系统而建成的,新能源客车原有的设计优势和布置优势被浪费,而且新能源部分的重量过大,面临着整备质量大、续驶里程短等问题,对新能源客车进行结构轻量化优化设计是解决这些问题最行之有效的方法之一。本文是结合汽车轻量化国家重点实验室(筹)首期开放课题“新能源客车轻量化技术路径研究”,对新能源客车进行轻量化技术路径研究,并对电池仓进行了结构轻量化设计,继而探索了新能源客车轻量化的开发流程,主要研究内容如下:首先,本文结合结构轻量化设计、轻量化材料应用和轻量化加工工艺三个方面,从新能源客车车身、底盘、动力传动系统和电子电器四个方面对其进行轻量化技术路径分析,从理论上分析每部分的轻量化方法和减重潜力,并研究了等效弯曲刚度和强度下车身采用高强钢和铝合金代替普通强度钢的方法;然后,本文建立了纯电动客车电池仓的有限元模型,对其进行了形貌优化设计,获得了最佳加强筋布局的电池仓结构;采用屈服强度为700Mpa的高强钢,以质量最小和一阶固有模态频率最大为优化目标,以单元最大应力小于高强钢材料许用应力和节点最大合位移小于优化前最大合位移为约束函数,以电池仓各部分的厚度为设计变量,基于全局响应面法,对电池仓进行了多目标尺寸优化设计,优化后电池仓减重24.84kg,减重率为65.84%;优化前后电池仓性能变化不大;最后,基于新能源客车轻量化方法和路径,对新能源客车轻量化开发流程进行了初步探索,建立了新能源客车轻量化设计开发的技术路线。
[Abstract]:At present, under the double pressure of energy and environment crisis, countries in the world pay more and more attention to energy saving and environmental protection of automobiles, and new energy vehicles emerge as the times require. China's new energy passenger cars have also developed rapidly, with annual sales exceeding 70,000 units, which has become a new product developed by bus companies. However, at present, most of the new energy passenger cars are built on the basis of the original bus structure by changing the power system. The original design advantages and layout advantages of the new energy passenger cars are wasted, and the weight of the new energy part is too large. Faced with the problems of high preparation quality and short driving mileage, it is one of the most effective methods to solve these problems by optimizing the structural lightweight design of new energy passenger cars. In this paper, combining with the first opening project of the State key Laboratory of Automobile lightweight, "New Energy bus lightweight Technology path Research", the light weight technology path of new energy passenger car is studied, and the structural lightweight design of battery bin is carried out. The main research contents are as follows: first, this paper combines structural lightweight design, lightweight material application and lightweight processing technology, from the new energy bus body, chassis, Four aspects of power transmission system and electronic appliances are analyzed in the light weight technology path analysis, and the lightweight methods and weight loss potential of each part are theoretically analyzed. The method of replacing ordinary strength steel with high strength steel and aluminum alloy under equivalent bending stiffness and strength is studied. Then, the finite element model of battery bin of pure electric passenger car is established, and the shape optimization design is carried out. The structure of the battery tank with the best reinforcement is obtained, and the high strength steel with yield strength of 700Mpa is used to optimize the structure with the minimum mass and the maximum natural mode frequency of the first order. Taking the allowable stress of element maximum stress less than that of high-strength steel material and the maximum joint displacement before optimization as constraint function, the thickness of each part of battery bin is taken as design variable, and the global response surface method is used. The multiobjective size optimization design of the battery bin is carried out. After the optimization, the weight loss of the battery bin is 24.84 kg and the weight loss rate is 65.84. The performance of the battery bin has little change before and after the optimization. Finally, based on the new energy bus lightweight method and path, The new energy bus lightweight development process was preliminarily explored, and the technical route of new energy bus lightweight design and development was established.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.7

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