纯电动城市客车驱动控制策略优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 22:01

本文选题：电动城市客车 + 能量分配　；参考：《北京理工大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：纯电动城市客车有助于缓解城市空气污染,近年来在国家政策的推动下发展迅速。但是由于动力电池系统的比能量较低,导致车辆续驶里程相对较短;另外,由于采用了电驱动方式,相对于传统燃油车辆的舒适性感受不同。因此,纯电动城市客车的驱动控制具有较大的优化空间。本文以提高客车的经济性为目标,从驾驶员决策层面以及驱动系统能量分配层面入手开展了研究,通过优化控制策略,达到了降低车辆能耗的目的;此外,本文还以提高客车舒适性为目标,对驱动系统的转矩控制进行了优化,达到了抑制振动冲击的目的。论文的主要研究内容如下:(1)电动城市客车数学模型的建立。本文以采用同轴串联双电机驱动系统的纯电动城市客车为研究对象,建立了整车经济性数学模型以及传动系统数学模型,为后续的驾驶员决策优化研究、驱动系统能量分配研究以及转矩控制优化研究提供仿真平台。(2)驾驶员决策优化控制研究。通过采集典型公交线路的驾驶员行驶信息,研究行驶信息与城市客车能耗的关系,发现车辆速度、加速度以及加速度标准差等影响能耗的因素,提出了驾驶员决策优化控制策略。采用模型预测控制方法求解最优控制律,修正驾驶员的输出指令,达到了优化驾驶员决策,降低车辆能耗的目的。通过仿真分析对比无控制时的车辆能耗表现,证明了该策略可以有效地降低车辆能耗。(3)驱动系统能量分配优化研究。针对驱动系统能量分配的优化问题,提出了电机工作点效率最优的控制方法。该方法利用动态规划理论针对多种循环工况进行工作点寻优,进而得到了能量分配的优化控制策略。通过仿真对比分析,该策略有效地提高了驱动系统的综合效率,降低了车辆能耗。(4)传动系振动冲击抑制研究。本文分析了驱动系统的转矩突变对传动系振动冲击的影响,针对传动系振动冲击抑制问题,提出了驱动系统转矩控制优化方法。该方法利用模型预测控制进行优化问题的求解,得到转矩控制的最优控制律。通过传动系统仿真对比分析,在不改变客车动力性能的前提下,该策略可以有效地抑制传动系的振动冲击。(5)台架及实车实验研究。本文通过开展双电机驱动系统的台架实验,验证了能量分配控制策略及振动冲击抑制策略的有效性。开展了样车的实验验证工作,通过实验结果分析,驾驶员决策优化控制策略及驱动系统能量分配策略能够有效地降低车辆能耗,驱动系统转矩控制优化策略能够有效地抑制传动系的振动冲击,本文的优化控制策略得到了基本验证。
[Abstract]:The pure electric city bus helps to alleviate the urban air pollution, and has developed rapidly in recent years under the impetus of the national policy. However, due to the lower specific energy of the battery system, the vehicle driving mileage is relatively short; in addition, because of the use of electric driving mode, compared with the traditional fuel vehicles, the comfort perception is different. Therefore, the drive control of pure electric city bus has a large optimization space. In order to improve the economy of the bus, this paper studies the driver's decision level and the energy distribution level of the driving system. By optimizing the control strategy, the purpose of reducing the vehicle energy consumption is achieved. In order to improve the comfort of passenger cars, the torque control of the driving system is optimized, and the purpose of suppressing vibration shock is achieved. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) Establishment of mathematical model of electric city bus. This paper takes the pure electric city bus with coaxial series double motor drive system as the research object, establishes the whole vehicle economy mathematical model and the transmission system mathematical model, for the subsequent driver decision optimization research. Drive system energy allocation and torque control optimization research provide simulation platform. By collecting the driving information of the typical bus line, the relationship between the driving information and the energy consumption of the city bus is studied, and the factors affecting the energy consumption, such as vehicle speed, acceleration and acceleration standard deviation, are found. The optimal control strategy for driver decision is proposed. The model predictive control method is used to solve the optimal control law, and the driver's output instruction is modified to optimize the driver's decision and reduce the vehicle energy consumption. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce the vehicle energy consumption and optimize the energy distribution of the drive system. An optimal control method of motor working point efficiency is proposed for the optimization of drive system energy distribution. Based on the dynamic programming theory, the optimal control strategy of energy distribution is obtained. The simulation results show that the strategy can effectively improve the overall efficiency of the drive system and reduce the vehicle energy consumption. In this paper, the effect of the torque abrupt change of the drive system on the vibration shock of the transmission system is analyzed. Aiming at the problem of the vibration shock suppression of the drive system, a torque control optimization method for the drive system is proposed. The optimal control law of torque control is obtained by solving the optimization problem with model predictive control. Through the comparative analysis of the transmission system, without changing the dynamic performance of the passenger car, the strategy can effectively suppress the vibration shock of the transmission system. In this paper, the effectiveness of the energy distribution control strategy and the vibration shock suppression strategy is verified by the bench test of the dual motor drive system. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the driver decision optimization control strategy and the drive system energy allocation strategy can effectively reduce the vehicle energy consumption. The torque control optimization strategy of the drive system can effectively suppress the vibration shock of the transmission system. The optimal control strategy of this paper has been basically verified.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72

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