一种低电压大电流永磁电机的设计、分析与控制

发布时间：2018-06-12 18:43

本文选题：电动汽车 + 永磁同步电机　；参考：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对全国主要城市持续受到雾霾天气的影响以及世界能源持续紧缺等问题,节能减排再次被提上日程。电动汽车作为一款21世纪主推的新能源汽车,是缓解上述问题的有效手段。现阶段国内运行的纯电动汽车使用的永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)多是高电压小电流的控制系统,这种系统在高速时可以有较高的输出效率。然而,目前的纯电动汽车由于续航里程等问题大多运行在市区,汽车的行驶速度不会太高,电机的输出效率会受到影响。因此,研发低速大扭矩的永磁同步电机及其控制系统成为目前电动汽车领域研究的热点问题。本文以大连理工大学汽车工程学院自主研发的轻量化彩虹车为原型,根据电动汽车整车性能参数以及对驱动电机的性能要求,设计了一款低电压大电流永磁同步电机及其控制系统,具体开展了以下几方面工作：针对彩虹车对PMSM的性能需求,完成了PMSM的基本参数动力性匹配设计。根据PMSM的动力性要求,设计了电机的结构及其几何尺寸。利用RMxprt软件对电机的结构进行优化设计,使其输出性能更好的满足设计要求。为进一步验证所设计PMSM的合理性,利用Maxwell对PMSM的电磁场进行了有限元分析。基于设计的低电压大电流永磁同步电机,以德州仪器公司DSP TMS320 F28335芯片为控制器,设计了电机控制系统。分析了PMSM的物理模型和矢量控制方法,设计了控制系统的硬件平台。在CCS3.3编程环境编写了电机控制系统的矢量控制、SVPWM、电流、转矩的闭环调节和转子位置估算等程序。并对控制系统进行试验验证、分析了试验结果,确保电动车用永磁同步电机矢量控制系统的实用性和可靠性。论文给出了一套完整的纯电动汽车驱动电机从参数匹配、样机设计一直到控制系统设计的方法,具有重要的应用价值。
[Abstract]:Energy saving and emission reduction have been put on the agenda again in view of the problem that major cities in the country continue to be affected by smog weather and the world is still in short supply of energy. As a new energy vehicle, electric vehicle is an effective way to alleviate the above problems. At present, permanent magnet synchronous motor (permanent magnet synchronous motor) (PMSM), which is used in pure electric vehicles in China, is mostly a control system with high voltage and small current, which can have high output efficiency at high speed. However, the current pure electric vehicles run in the urban areas due to the problems such as range, so the speed of the vehicle will not be too high, and the output efficiency of the motor will be affected. Therefore, the research and development of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with low speed and high torque and its control system have become a hot issue in the field of electric vehicles. This paper takes the lightweight Rainbow car developed by the Institute of Automotive Engineering of Dalian University of Technology as the prototype, according to the performance parameters of the whole electric vehicle and the performance requirements of the driving motor. A low voltage and high current permanent magnet synchronous motor and its control system are designed. The following works are carried out: according to the PMSM performance requirement of rainbow car, the PMSM's basic parameter dynamic performance matching design is completed. According to the power requirement of PMSM, the structure and geometric size of the motor are designed. The RMxprt software is used to optimize the structure of the motor so that its output performance can better meet the design requirements. In order to verify the rationality of the designed PMSM, the finite element analysis of the electromagnetic field of PMSM was carried out by Maxwell. Based on the design of low voltage and high current permanent magnet synchronous motor, a motor control system is designed based on DSP TMS320F28335 chip of Texas Instruments. The physical model and vector control method of PMSM are analyzed, and the hardware platform of the control system is designed. In the CCS3.3 programming environment, the vector control system SVPWM, closed-loop regulation of current and torque and rotor position estimation are programmed. The test results are analyzed to ensure the practicability and reliability of the permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control system for electric vehicles. This paper presents a complete set of methods from parameter matching, prototype design to control system design for pure electric vehicle drive motor, which has important application value.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72

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