排气噪声的声品质设计及其在消声器改进中的应用
发布时间：2018-08-17 19:46
【摘要】：随着汽车产业的不断发展,车辆噪声的控制也越来越严格,传统的降低声压级已不能满足消费者的要求,所以大家的关注点开始转向车辆噪声的声品质上,而排气噪声是车辆噪声主要的噪声源,改善其声品质对于提高整车的NVH性能是至关重要的,本文把排气噪声作为研究对象,开展排气噪声声品质的设计,并应用到排气消声器设计中来。本文首先对某车进行排气噪声声学试验,通过采集排气噪声声信号,采用LMS Test.Lab中的声品质分析模块Sound Diagnosis进行排气噪声心理声学参数分析和声品质的客观参量的计算。分析计算了各工况下排气噪声的声压级、响度、尖锐度、粗糙度和波动度变化情况。其次结合声品质综合评价参数的结果和分析24个Bark尺度的声功率组成,找出对排气噪声影响较大的几个Bark尺度;然后通过提高不同频段的消声量的方法,研究声信号频率成分的改变对心理声学参数的影响。研究表明:通过改变排气噪声某些频率段的声功率组成,可以改善排气噪声声品质。在转速1000rpm、2000rpm、3000rpm时,通过提高1600Hz-3200Hz频段的消声量,而在5000rpm时,重点提高2400Hz-4000Hz频段的消声量,改善了排气噪声声品质。根据基于声品质评价的消声器目标频谱和待改进消声器的排气噪声1/3倍频程频谱图,找出两者在不同频段上能量的差别,确定各频段的消声目标,为消声器改进提供依据。最后分析了消声器的消声性能与结构形式和参数的关系,从插入管参数、扩张比、隔板参数和加吸声材料入手,结合以上排气噪声声品质的结果,最终提出消声器改进方案。对比改进前和改进后的传递损失曲线,可以知道在中高频的传递损失得到了明显的提升,而且消除很多的通过频率。最后进行改进后的消声器试验,对比改进前后消声器的声品质曲线,表明基于声品质的消声器设计能够使排气噪声的声品质评价指标得到明显的改善,再通过排气压力损失的计算,证明该消声器的改进是有效可行的。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the automobile industry, the control of vehicle noise is becoming more and more strict. The traditional lowering of sound pressure levels can no longer meet the requirements of consumers, so everyone's concern began to turn to the sound quality of vehicle noise. The exhaust noise is the main noise source of vehicle noise, and improving its sound quality is very important to improve the NVH performance of the whole vehicle. In this paper, the exhaust noise is taken as the research object, and the design of the sound quality of exhaust noise is carried out. It is applied to the design of exhaust muffler. In this paper, a vehicle exhaust noise acoustic test is first carried out. By collecting the exhaust noise sound signal, the sound quality analysis module Sound Diagnosis in LMS Test.Lab is used to analyze the exhaust noise psychoacoustic parameters and calculate the objective parameters of the sound quality. The variation of sound pressure level, loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation of exhaust noise under various working conditions are analyzed and calculated. Secondly, combined with the result of comprehensive evaluation of sound quality and the analysis of sound power composition of 24 Bark scales, several Bark scales which have a great influence on exhaust noise are found, and then the method of increasing the noise attenuation in different frequency bands is presented. The influence of frequency components of acoustic signals on psychoacoustic parameters was studied. The results show that the sound quality of exhaust noise can be improved by changing the sound power composition of some frequency segments of exhaust noise. The sound quality of exhaust noise was improved by increasing the noise attenuation of 1600Hz-3200Hz band at the speed of 1000rpmC2000 rpm, and by increasing the silencing quantity of 2400Hz-4000Hz band at 5000rpm. According to the target spectrum of muffler based on sound quality evaluation and the frequency spectrum of 1 / 3 times frequency range of exhaust noise of the muffler to be improved, the difference of energy between them in different frequency bands is found out, and the silencing target of each frequency band is determined, which provides the basis for the improvement of muffler. Finally, the relationship between the muffler's noise performance and its structure and parameters is analyzed. Based on the parameters of the inserted tube, the expansion ratio, the partition parameter and the sound absorbing material, and the results of the sound quality of the exhaust noise, the improvement scheme of the muffler is put forward. By comparing the transmission loss curves before and after the improvement, we can see that the transmission loss in the middle and high frequency is obviously improved, and a lot of passing frequencies are eliminated. Finally, the improved muffler test is carried out, and the sound quality curve of the muffler before and after the improvement is compared, which shows that the sound quality evaluation index of exhaust noise can be obviously improved by the design of muffler based on sound quality. Through the calculation of exhaust pressure loss, it is proved that the improvement of the muffler is effective and feasible.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U464.134.4
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the automobile industry, the control of vehicle noise is becoming more and more strict. The traditional lowering of sound pressure levels can no longer meet the requirements of consumers, so everyone's concern began to turn to the sound quality of vehicle noise. The exhaust noise is the main noise source of vehicle noise, and improving its sound quality is very important to improve the NVH performance of the whole vehicle. In this paper, the exhaust noise is taken as the research object, and the design of the sound quality of exhaust noise is carried out. It is applied to the design of exhaust muffler. In this paper, a vehicle exhaust noise acoustic test is first carried out. By collecting the exhaust noise sound signal, the sound quality analysis module Sound Diagnosis in LMS Test.Lab is used to analyze the exhaust noise psychoacoustic parameters and calculate the objective parameters of the sound quality. The variation of sound pressure level, loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation of exhaust noise under various working conditions are analyzed and calculated. Secondly, combined with the result of comprehensive evaluation of sound quality and the analysis of sound power composition of 24 Bark scales, several Bark scales which have a great influence on exhaust noise are found, and then the method of increasing the noise attenuation in different frequency bands is presented. The influence of frequency components of acoustic signals on psychoacoustic parameters was studied. The results show that the sound quality of exhaust noise can be improved by changing the sound power composition of some frequency segments of exhaust noise. The sound quality of exhaust noise was improved by increasing the noise attenuation of 1600Hz-3200Hz band at the speed of 1000rpmC2000 rpm, and by increasing the silencing quantity of 2400Hz-4000Hz band at 5000rpm. According to the target spectrum of muffler based on sound quality evaluation and the frequency spectrum of 1 / 3 times frequency range of exhaust noise of the muffler to be improved, the difference of energy between them in different frequency bands is found out, and the silencing target of each frequency band is determined, which provides the basis for the improvement of muffler. Finally, the relationship between the muffler's noise performance and its structure and parameters is analyzed. Based on the parameters of the inserted tube, the expansion ratio, the partition parameter and the sound absorbing material, and the results of the sound quality of the exhaust noise, the improvement scheme of the muffler is put forward. By comparing the transmission loss curves before and after the improvement, we can see that the transmission loss in the middle and high frequency is obviously improved, and a lot of passing frequencies are eliminated. Finally, the improved muffler test is carried out, and the sound quality curve of the muffler before and after the improvement is compared, which shows that the sound quality evaluation index of exhaust noise can be obviously improved by the design of muffler based on sound quality. Through the calculation of exhaust pressure loss, it is proved that the improvement of the muffler is effective and feasible.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U464.134.4
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