滑阀式压缩空气发动机改装实验研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 17:58

【摘要】：汽车作为一种交通工具极大地方便了人们的生活和工作,随着汽车的不断发展,汽车的数量在逐年递增。大量的汽车为世界带来经济发展的同时也带来了诸如环境污染、能源危机以及温室效应等一系列问题。为了改变这一状况,世界各大汽车企业都开始了新能源汽车的研究开发,包括目前发展最快速的电动汽车、混合动力汽车,以及被汽车制造商称为是未来汽车发展的最终目标的燃料电池汽车等。而压缩空气作为一种清洁能源在许多室内机床设备、小型手动工具等方面应用广泛,但是作为汽车动力的发展却稍显迟缓,为此本课题研究了以压缩空气为动力的新能源汽车。传统汽车发动机的活塞式结构已经过了100多年历史的检验,课题首先确定了在传统内燃机的结构上进行一定的改动就实现压缩空气驱动的研究方案,这样就可以减少许多工作量,研究工作的第一步就是先了解现有发动机的机构,通过文献资料分析内燃机和气动发动机之间可以利用的共同点以及完成设计的创新结构。经过了前期的研究,最后确定了只需要在现有四冲程发动机上增加一套配气装置,再连接上储气罐就可以完成一台气动发动机的改装,本文设计了滑阀式的配气装置,该装置可以通过一个通道实现气动发动机的进气和排气功能。压缩空气存储在耐压20MPa的钢瓶中,压缩空气先通过减压设备减压,再通过配气机构进入气动发动机。改装完成后经过实验证明设计的配气机构可以使气动发动机运转。为优化压缩空气发动机设计,在改装后的气动发动机上进行了详细的台架试验。首先确定了改装发动机的最佳进气提前角为上止点前10°CA,在此基础上进行了滑阀式配气机构的配气效果验证实验,通过测试缸内压力曲线证明该配气滑阀的配气效果良好。为了研究气动发动机在不同工况,不同配气相位以及不同压缩比时压缩空气的使用效率,提出一个评价气动发动机性能的新指标—气动发动机缸内平均有效压力和平均压力的比值。采用钢、铝和尼龙三种材料制作相同尺寸的配气滑块进行试验,结果表明配气滑块的质量,对气动发动机动力性有影响。对进气持续角为128°、143°和156°的尼龙材料配气滑块进行试验,试验结果表明增大进气持续角可以提高压缩空气的膨胀效率。在三种不同压缩比的状况下进行了气动发动机试验,试验证明在传统内燃机的基础上改装气动发动机时,增大发动机压缩比,会降低压缩空气的膨胀效率。
[Abstract]:As a means of transportation, automobiles have greatly facilitated people's life and work. With the continuous development of automobiles, the number of automobiles is increasing year by year. Big automobile companies have started research and development on new energy vehicles, including the fastest-growing electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles that automakers call the ultimate goal of future automobile development. It is widely used in many fields, but the development of automotive power is a little slow. Therefore, this paper studies the new energy automobile powered by compressed air. The piston structure of the traditional automotive engine has been tested for more than 100 years, and the subject first determines that the compression can be realized by changing the structure of the traditional internal combustion engine. The first step of the research work is to understand the mechanism of the existing engine, analyze the common points between the internal combustion engine and the pneumatic engine and complete the innovative structure of the design through the literature. A four-stroke engine can be retrofitted by adding a valve train and connecting it with a gas storage tank. In this paper, a slide valve valve valve train is designed, which can realize the intake and exhaust functions of the pneumatic engine through a channel. After refitting, it is proved that the designed valve train can make the pneumatic engine run. In order to optimize the design of compressed air engine, a detailed bench test is carried out on the refitted pneumatic engine. The front angle of the valve is 10 degrees CA before the top dead point. On this basis, the validation experiment of the valve distribution mechanism is carried out. The valving effect of the valve is proved to be good by testing the pressure curve in cylinder. The ratio of the average effective pressure and the average pressure in the cylinder, a new index for evaluating the performance of the pneumatic engine, is studied. Three kinds of valve sliders of the same size are made of steel, aluminum and nylon. The results show that the quality of the valve slider has an effect on the power performance of the pneumatic engine. The inlet persistence angles are 128, 143 and 156 degrees. The test results of nylon valve slider show that the expansion efficiency of compressed air can be improved by increasing the intake persistence angle. The test of pneumatic engine is carried out under three different compression ratios. It is proved that the compression ratio of compressed air can be reduced by increasing the compression ratio of the engine when the pneumatic engine is modified on the basis of the traditional internal combustion engine. The expansion efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U464

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