小型燃料电池车用低压储氢装置安全试验及泄漏爆炸模拟研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 22:19

【摘要】：为应对日益严峻的能源紧缺和城市环境污染问题,清洁、高效的氢能汽车备受青睐,其中轻便灵活的小型燃料电池车的应用前景非常广阔,特别是在我国的台湾省,燃料电池摩托车已经批量生产并示范运行。由于氢具有易燃易爆性,车载储氢装置的安全性备受瞩目,而目前我国尚缺乏针对小型车载储氢装置的安全试验要求。为保证小型氢燃料电池车的安全运行,本文针对小型车载储氢装置进行了系统的安全试验,并对换气站内氢的泄漏爆炸行为及后果进行了数值分析。主要研究内容如下：(1)建立小型燃料电池车用低压储氢装置安全性试验方法。对小型燃料电池车用低压储氢装置全生命周期中的危险因素进行识别与分析,综合分析现阶段其他用途固态储氢装置标准中的测试方法,建立小型燃料电池车用低压储氢装置的系统安全试验方法。(2)设计并搭建氢气循环试验装置,对台湾市售低压储氢装置进行包括泄漏试验、高温试验、爆破试验以及氢气循环试验在内的安全试验研究。分析氢气循环试验中压力、温度对合金吸、放氢过程的影响；对不同摆放位置的储氢罐进行循环试验,得到循环试验过程中储罐表面应变的分布及变化规律。研究三种泄漏试验方法的精度和灵敏度,确定低压储氢装置出厂检测和型式试验的泄漏检测方法。通过开展高温试验和爆破试验,梳理关键试验参数,并提出试验合格指标。(3)利用三维CFD数值模拟软件FLACS建立换气站模型,对低压储氢装置在换气站内的泄漏爆炸过程进行模拟研究。分析泄漏后氢气的燃烧爆炸行为,并对爆炸后果进行定量评估。探究不同低压储氢装置数目、放置位置、泄压板设置及环境风速等对爆炸强度、冲击波及火焰传播行为的影响规律。本文的研究成果可为小型燃料电池车及其换气站的安全运行提供技术指导,并为我国正在研制的《小型燃料电池车用低压储氢装置安全试验方法》海峡两岸共通标准提供技术支撑。
[Abstract]:In order to deal with the increasingly severe problems of energy shortage and urban environmental pollution, clean and efficient hydrogen vehicles are favored. Among them, light and flexible small fuel cell vehicles have a very broad application prospect, especially in Taiwan Province of China. Fuel cell motorcycles have been mass-produced and demonstrated. Due to the flammable and explosive properties of hydrogen, the safety of on-board hydrogen storage units has attracted much attention. However, at present, there is still a lack of safety test requirements for small vehicular hydrogen storage units in China. In order to ensure the safe operation of the small hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, a systematic safety test was carried out for the small vehicle hydrogen storage unit, and the behavior and consequences of hydrogen leakage and explosion in the gas station were analyzed numerically. The main contents are as follows: (1) establish the safety test method of low pressure hydrogen storage device for small fuel cell. The risk factors in the whole life cycle of low-pressure hydrogen storage unit for small fuel cell vehicles are identified and analyzed, and the test methods in the standard of other solid-state hydrogen storage devices for other uses are analyzed synthetically at the present stage. Establish system safety test method for low pressure hydrogen storage unit for small fuel cell vehicles. (2) Design and build hydrogen cycle test device, including leakage test and high temperature test for low pressure hydrogen storage unit sold in Taiwan, Safety test including blasting test and hydrogen cycle test. The effect of pressure and temperature on the process of hydrogen absorption and desorption is analyzed, and the distribution and variation of surface strain of hydrogen storage tank in different positions are obtained. The precision and sensitivity of three leak test methods are studied, and the leak detection methods of low-pressure hydrogen storage unit for factory inspection and type test are determined. Through the high temperature test and blasting test, the key test parameters are sorted out, and the test qualification index is put forward. (3) the model of the gas station is established by using the three-dimensional CFD numerical simulation software FLACS. The leakage and explosion process of low pressure hydrogen storage unit in gas station was simulated. The combustion and explosion behavior of hydrogen after leakage was analyzed, and the consequences of explosion were evaluated quantitatively. The effects of different low pressure hydrogen storage units such as the number of low pressure hydrogen storage units, the placement of pressure relief plates and the ambient wind speed on the explosion strength, impact and flame propagation behavior were investigated. The research results in this paper can provide technical guidance for the safe operation of small fuel cell vehicles and their gas stations. It also provides technical support for the "safety test method of low pressure hydrogen storage device for small fuel cell vehicles", which is being developed in China, and the common standards across the Taiwan Strait.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.722

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