电动汽车自动车衣结构及控制系统设计

发布时间：2018-10-17 19:40

【摘要】：随着科技的进步,电动汽车已成为汽车产业的重要发展趋势。目前,我国的电动汽车充电设施已建成使用的有充电站和充电桩,使用方式均为手动式充电,智能化程度较低,且对使用时的技术方法和使用安全性提出了较高要求。另一方面,电动汽车露天停放时缺少一些必要防护,因而容易被晒伤、冻伤、刮伤,使用车衣是解决这些问题的有效办法,但现有车衣大多为手动车衣,使用起来很麻烦。为了解决这些问题,本文设计了一种电动汽车自动充电及自动车衣一体机(简称电动汽车自动车衣)。自动充电装置可以给电动汽车自动充电,自动车衣可以对电动汽车进行自动防护,此外,车衣不仅可以应用于电动汽车,也能应用于各种非电动汽车。在一体机的结构设计方面,本文设计的扭矩存储与缓慢输出装置可以储存电机能量,在需要时再将储存的能量缓慢释放,使自动车衣的动力分配更加合理,在自动车衣中起着安全防护的作用。设计的自动充电装置具有X、Y、Z三个方向的自由度,通过三个方向上的步进电机的联动,实现充电接口的空间运动。针对扭矩存储与缓慢输出装置中液压缸孔口非恒定出流时缺少非线性变化载荷下的计算公式,无法对缓冲时间进行量化分析,建立了非线性变化载荷下的孔口非恒定出流的流速和流量的数学模型,推导出扭矩存储与缓慢输出装置扭矩输出的时间。自动充电装置控制方面主要设计了一种基于高精度A/D转换的定位控制系统,通过中位值平均滤波算法,消除由于脉冲干扰引起的采样值偏差,提高A/D采样精度。定位控制系统位以线性霍尔传感器两端电压为位置反馈量,对步进电机的转速进行闭环控制,同时为提高定位精度,解决步进电机“超步”和“失步”问题,对步进电机的升降速控制进行了一定的研究,并对自动充电装置自动充电时步进电机的控制策略进行了一定的研究。最后,为防止主电源受损或停电等情况下电动汽车因为包在车衣中且和自动充电装置连接而无法使用,设计了一种基于光伏电池和超级电容的备用电源系统。此外对电动汽车自动车衣控制系统进行了低功耗设计。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology, electric vehicle has become an important development trend of automobile industry. At present, the charging facilities of electric vehicles in our country have been built and used with charging stations and charging piles, all of which are manual charging, and the degree of intelligence is low, and higher requirements are put forward for the technical methods and safety in use. On the other hand, due to the lack of necessary protection when electric vehicles park in the open air, they are easy to be sunburned, frostbitten and scratched. The use of clothing is an effective way to solve these problems, but most of the existing clothes are manual ones, so it is very troublesome to use them. In order to solve these problems, this paper designs an electric vehicle automatic charging and automatic clothing machine. The automatic charging device can automatically charge the electric vehicle, and the automatic clothing can protect the electric vehicle automatically. In addition, the clothing can be used not only in the electric vehicle, but also in all kinds of non-electric vehicles. In the structural design of the integrated machine, the torque storage and slow output device designed in this paper can store the motor energy, release the stored energy slowly when needed, and make the power distribution of the automatic clothes more reasonable. In automatic vehicle clothing plays the role of safety protection. The designed automatic charging device has three degrees of freedom in three directions. The space movement of the charging interface is realized by the linkage of the stepping motor in the three directions. In the case of torque storage and slow output device, the calculation formula for the unsteady outlet of hydraulic cylinder orifice under nonlinear variable load is absent, so the buffer time can not be quantitatively analyzed. The mathematical model of velocity and flow rate of unsteady outlet flow under nonlinear varying load is established, and the time of torque storage and output of slow output device is derived. In the control of automatic charging device, a positioning control system based on high precision A / D conversion is designed. Through the median average filter algorithm, the sampling deviation caused by pulse interference is eliminated, and the sampling accuracy of A / D is improved. The position control system takes the voltage at both ends of the linear Hall sensor as the position feedback to control the speed of the stepping motor in a closed loop. In order to improve the positioning accuracy and solve the problems of "super-step" and "out-of-step" of the stepping motor, The speed control of stepping motor is studied, and the control strategy of stepper motor is studied when the automatic charging device is charged automatically. Finally, in order to prevent the main power from being damaged or power outages, an alternative power supply system based on photovoltaic cells and super capacitors is designed to prevent the electric vehicle from being used because it is wrapped in the vehicle's clothing and connected to the automatic charging device. In addition, the low-power design of electric vehicle automatic clothing control system is carried out.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U472.2

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