人体头颈部模型肌肉主动力反馈控制研究

发布时间：2018-11-01 11:46

【摘要】：在各类型的交通事故中,人体的头颈部是最容易受到创伤的部位,往往发生严重或致命的损伤。头颈部损伤导致伤者长期受后遗症的影响,甚至丧失生活的能力,给社会和个人造成了巨大的经济负担和精神损失。研究头颈部在交通事故中的损伤机理以及防护技术,在保护乘员具有重大的意义。头颈部数字模型是研究汽车碰撞中头颈部损伤机理以及防护重要的手段。本文的目的是建立一个肌肉主动力主控制、具有自适应能力、生物逼真度更高的人体头颈部有限元模型,并对其进行前、后碰撞验证;并利用该模型研究碰撞中颈部肌肉主动力对头颈部动力学响应以及颈部损伤的影响。本文首先概述了前、后碰撞中头颈部损伤机理及其运动学理论、头颈部解剖学知识、骨骼肌肉微观生物力学及其本构模型;针对已有头颈部有限元模型存在的不足对其进行了进一步改进;根据神经肌肉控制理论、经典控制理论和Hill肌肉材料属性特点,拟定了头颈部肌肉主动力控制方案,采用LS-DYNA关键字编写控制程序,在有限元软件平台实现了肌肉主动力对头颈部模型的控制;最后在前、后碰撞条件下验证了具有肌肉主动力控制的头颈部模型的有效性,并将添加了主动力控制的头颈部模型应用于后碰撞模型中,研究肌肉主动力在追尾碰撞中对头颈部运动学响应及头颈部损伤的影响。研究结果表明,含肌肉主动力控制的头颈部模型在前、后碰撞仿真中与志愿者实验数据具有较好的吻合性,通过反馈控制所获得的激活等级曲线具有很好的延时性,并可根据不同碰撞条件下头颈部的不同状态输出相应的激活等级,进而提高了人体头颈部有限元模型的自适应能力;混合假人后碰撞损伤研究表明,在相同的碰撞强度下,主动态模型相对于被动态模型,各损伤指标值有所降低,肌肉主动力作用明显,可有效的降低头颈部损伤的风险。
[Abstract]:In all kinds of traffic accidents, the head and neck of human body is the most vulnerable to injury, often serious or fatal injury. The head and neck injuries cause the injured to be affected by sequelae for a long time, even lose their ability to live, and cause huge economic burden and mental loss to the society and individuals. It is of great significance to study the injury mechanism and protection technology of head and neck in traffic accidents. The digital model of head and neck is an important method to study the damage mechanism and protection of head and neck in automobile collision. The purpose of this paper is to establish a finite element model of human head and neck with self-adaptive ability and higher biological fidelity, and verify it before and after collision. The model was used to study the effect of the main force of the neck muscle on the dynamic response of the head and neck and the neck injury. In this paper, the mechanism of head and neck injury and its kinematics theory, anatomical knowledge of head and neck, bone and muscle microbiomechanics and its constitutive model are summarized. Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing finite element model of head and neck, it is further improved. According to the neuromuscular control theory, the classical control theory and the properties of Hill muscle material, the main dynamic control scheme of head and neck muscles was developed, and the control program was written by LS-DYNA keyword. The control of the head and neck model is realized on the finite element software platform. Finally, the effectiveness of the head and neck model with muscle dynamic control is verified under the condition of front and rear impact, and the head and neck model with the addition of main dynamic control is applied to the post impact model. To study the effect of muscle force on the kinematic response of head and neck and head and neck injury in rear-end collision. The results show that the model of head and neck with muscle main power control is in good agreement with the experimental data of volunteers in the simulation of rear impact, and the curve of activation grade obtained by feedback control has a good delay. According to the different states of head and neck under different collision conditions, the corresponding activation level can be outputted, and the adaptive ability of the finite element model of human head and neck can be improved. The research on post-impact damage of hybrid dummy shows that under the same impact intensity, the damage index values of the main dynamic model are lower than that of the dynamic model, and the effect of muscle main force is obvious, which can effectively reduce the risk of head and neck injury.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U467.14

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