带负脉冲的电动汽车铅酸蓄电池充电机设计与实现

发布时间：2018-11-01 20:38

【摘要】：能源和环境问题是当今两大世界性课题。能源危机和环境污染已在世界范围内引起广泛关注,在高油价和低碳经济的双重压力下,新能源汽车尤其是电动汽车正在被越来越多的人所关注。作为行业新贵的电动汽车早已被各国摆上重要议程,与之相关的充电技术的研究也成为竞争的焦点。铅酸蓄电池以其技术成熟、温度范围宽、输出性能好、价格低、可回收利用等优点在国内电动汽车动力电池中仍占有大部分的份额[1]。但是受电池最大可接受充电电流的限制,大电流充电将会导致蓄电池极化,因此当前铅酸蓄电池充电时间一般都比较长,电动汽车的发展受到很大的限制。所以,设计一款可快速充电的铅酸蓄电池充电机对电动汽车的推广具有非常重要的现实意义。本文根据铅酸蓄电池的充放电特性设计了一款带负脉冲放电的可快速充电的铅酸蓄电池充电机,该系统延用了传统的恒流、恒压和浮充三阶段充电方式,同时在恒流阶段增加了一个负脉冲放电回路,以抵消因大电流充电导致的蓄电池极化,可提高蓄电池的受电能力,缩短蓄电池的充电时间。本设计运用高频开关电源技术和PWM控制原理,采用高功率密度全桥拓扑结构,以产品功能模块化为出发点完成了一款2KW/60V/30A便携式电动汽车充电机的设计,在完成最基本的脉冲充电功能的基础上,还增加了充电机的过流、温度和防反接等保护功能。最后通过样机性能测试和实验结果以及波形的分析,实现了预期目标。
[Abstract]:Energy and environment are two major world issues today. Energy crisis and environmental pollution have attracted worldwide attention. Under the double pressure of high oil price and low carbon economy, new energy vehicles, especially electric vehicles, are being paid more and more attention by more and more people. As the newly expensive electric vehicles in the industry, electric vehicles have been put on the important agenda in many countries, and the research of charging technology has also become the focus of competition. Lead-acid batteries still occupy most of the domestic electric vehicle power batteries with the advantages of mature technology, wide temperature range, good output performance, low price and recyclability. However, due to the limitation of the maximum acceptable charging current, high current charging will lead to battery polarization. Therefore, the current lead-acid battery charging time is generally longer, and the development of electric vehicles is greatly limited. Therefore, the design of a fast-charging lead-acid battery charger has a very important practical significance for the promotion of electric vehicles. According to the charge-discharge characteristics of lead-acid battery, a rapid charging lead-acid battery charger with negative pulse discharge is designed in this paper. The system extends the traditional three-stage charging mode of constant current, constant voltage and floating charge. At the same time, a negative pulse discharge loop is added in the constant current stage to counteract the polarization of the battery caused by high current charging, which can improve the battery's electric capacity and shorten the battery's charging time. This design uses high frequency switching power supply technology and PWM control principle, adopts the high power density full-bridge topology structure, takes the product function modularization as the starting point to complete the design of a 2KW/60V/30A portable electric vehicle charger. On the basis of the basic pulse charging function, the protection functions such as overcurrent, temperature and anti-reverse connection of the charger are added. Finally, the expected target is achieved through the performance test, experimental results and waveform analysis of the prototype.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72

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